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Dundee uni med > FOM week 4 > Flashcards

FOM week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two strands of DNA called?:

A

Antiparallel

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2
Q

What are the base pairing rules in DNA?:

A

Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

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3
Q

What is the process of DNA replication?:

A

DNA replication involves unwinding the double helix, synthesizing new strands in the 5’ to 3’ direction, and proofreading to ensure accuracy.

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4
Q

What are the phases of the cell cycle?:

A

G1, S, G2, and M phases.

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5
Q

What is mitosis?:

A

A type of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells.

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6
Q

What is meiosis?:

A

A type of cell division that produces four haploid gametes.

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7
Q

What is crossing over?:

A

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

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8
Q

What is a mutation?:

A

A change in the DNA sequence.

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9
Q

What is a polymorphism?:

A

A variation in the DNA sequence that is common in the population.

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10
Q

What is penetrance?:

A

The likelihood that a person with a particular genotype will develop the associated phenotype.

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11
Q

What is a missense mutation?:

A

A point mutation that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein.

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12
Q

What is a nonsense mutation?:

A

A point mutation that results in a premature stop codon.

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13
Q

What is a frameshift mutation?:

A

A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic code.

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14
Q

What is aneuploidy?:

A

A condition in which an individual has an abnormal number of chromosomes.

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15
Q

What is a translocation?:

A

A type of chromosomal abnormality in which pieces of chromosomes are exchanged.

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16
Q

What is aCGH?:

A

Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization, a technique used to detect chromosomal abnormalities.

17
Q

What is FISH?:

A

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization, a technique used to locate specific DNA sequences on chromosomes.

18
Q

What is PCR?:

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction, a technique used to amplify DNA.

19
Q

What is whole exome sequencing?:

A

A technique used to sequence all of the protein-coding regions of the genome.

20
Q

What is somatic mosaicism?:

A

The presence of two or more genetically distinct cell populations in an individual.

21
Q

What is autosomal dominant inheritance?:

A

A pattern of inheritance in which a single copy of a mutated gene is enough to cause a disease.

22
Q

What is autosomal recessive inheritance?:

A

A pattern of inheritance in which two copies of a mutated gene are needed to cause a disease.

23
Q

What is X-linked inheritance?

A

: A pattern of inheritance in which a gene is located on the X chromosome.

24
Q

What is mitochondrial inheritance?:

A

A pattern of inheritance in which genes are passed down through the maternal line.

25
Q

What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?

A

:” Nucleotides, which consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.”

26
Q

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?:

A

Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.

27
Q

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?:

A

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar. RNA also uses uracil instead of thymine.

28
Q

What is transcription?

A

: The process of copying DNA into RNA.

29
Q

What is translation? :

A

The process of converting mRNA into protein.

30
Q

What is the genetic code? :

A

The set of rules that determines how information encoded in DNA is translated into amino acids.

31
Q

What is an enzyme?:

A

A protein that acts as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions.

32
Q

What is an active site? :

A

The region of an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.

33
Q

What is enzyme inhibition? :

A

A process by which the activity of an enzyme is decreased.

34
Q

What is allosteric regulation? :

A

A type of enzyme regulation in which a molecule binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site, affecting its activity.

Dundee uni med (9 decks)

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