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Physiology of Reproduction > Follicular Cycle > Flashcards

Follicular Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

dominant hormone in luteal cycle

A

progesterone

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2
Q

luteinization is

A

the transformation of folliclear cells (theca interna and granulosa cells) into luteal cells after ovulation

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3
Q

luteolysis is

A

the regression of the corpus luteum

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4
Q

large luteal cells (llc)

A

originate from granulosa cells, secrete progesterone and oxytocin

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5
Q

small luteal cells (slc)

A

originate from the cells of theca interna, secrete progesterone

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6
Q

define folliculogenesis

A

developmental process where an activated primordial follicle develops to a preovulatory size through the growth and differentation of the oocyte and it’s surrounding granulosa cells

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7
Q

ovarian follicles are classifed based on

A
  1. the number of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte
  2. the morphology of the granulosa cells
  3. their dieameter
  4. the presence or absence of the antrum
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8
Q

the primordial follicle consists of

A

an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of SQUAMOUS follicle cells

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9
Q

the primary follicle consits of

A

a single layer of CUBOIDAL follicle cells surrounding the oocyte

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10
Q

the tertiary follicle consits of

A
  • a fluid filled antrum
  • granulosa cells, basal lamina, theca interna and theca externa cells
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11
Q

the graafian follicle or preovulatory follicle conists of

A

primary to secondary stage oocytes

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12
Q

during the gonadotropin-independent phase

A

the follicle grows through primordial, primary, and secondary stages, INDEPENDENT of FSH and LH

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13
Q

Gonadotropin-responsive phase

A
  • follicle transiton from the preantral stage to the early antral stage
  • primarily controlled by intraovarian regulators but can be stimulated by FSH
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14
Q

Gonadotropin-dependent phase

A
  • follicle growth and maturation beyond the early angral stage
  • includes: follicle recruitment, selection, and ovulation, dependent on FSH and LH
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15
Q

recruitment

A

process where the follicle departs from the pool to initiate growth

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16
Q

selection

A

process where the mature follicle chohort is reduced in number

17
Q

dominance

A

status of the follicle destined to ovulate, and it’s role in regulating the ovulatory quota

18
Q

atresia

A

the degeneration and reabsorption of ovarian follicles

19
Q

fsh is responsible for ___ (in follicules)

A
  • maturing them (transition from secondary to ovulatory)
  • generally, follicule recruitment and inital growth
20
Q

FSH high/low

A
  • highly expressed in granulosa cells of small antral follicles (mid estrus)
  • strongly supressed when the follicle is secreted (ovulation)
21
Q

During follicule secretion

A
  • FSHR is supressed
  • LSHR is induced
22
Q

selection of a dominant follicle for selection and maturation invovles

A
  • becoming dependent on LH
  • greater capacity for estradiol production
  • activation of IGF system
  • antiapoptotic follicular microenviornment
23
Q

ovarian aging is characterized by

A

gradual decline in quantity and quality of oocyte or follicular pool (degenerative process called atresia)

24
Q

ovarian aging in cow

A

after the fourth year of life, the number of ovaries decline until about 3,000 are left in cows 15-20 yrs old

25
Q

high/low hormones during proestrus

A

decreasing progesterone
increasing estradiol, LH, and FSH
FSH drops right before estrus

26
Q

high/low hormones during estrus

A

peak estradiol, LH, and FSH
low progesterone

27
Q

two cell gonadotropin theory

A
  • collaboration between theca interna and granulosa cells to make estrogen
    1) LH surge
    2) theca interna cells respond by: converting chloresterol to pregnolone (P5) and pregnenolone to androgens
    4) P450 (in granulosa cells) converts antrogens to estrogen
28
Q

androgens diffuse into granulosa cells and express

A

FSH receptors and P450

29
Q

P450 transforms

A

cholesterol into pregnenolone

30
Q

functionof P450

A
  • transforms chloesterol into pregnenolone
  • androgens to estrogens
31
Q

functions of estradiol

A
  • lordosis, phonation, increased physical activity
  • increased blood flow, edema of tissues, mucus secretion, lukecytes, smooth muscle motility, growth of uterine glands
32
Q

theca interna cells respond to

A

LH

33
Q

in theca interna cells…

A

chloresterol –> pregnenolone –> testosterone

34
Q

granulosa cells respond to

A

P450

35
Q

in granulosa cells…

A

androgens are converted to estrogen

36
Q

granulosa cells secrete ____which activates ____

A

FSH which activates P450

Physiology of Reproduction (8 decks)

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