Follicular Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

dominant hormone in luteal cycle

A

progesterone

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2
Q

luteinization is

A

the transformation of folliclear cells (theca interna and granulosa cells) into luteal cells after ovulation

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3
Q

luteolysis is

A

the regression of the corpus luteum

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4
Q

large luteal cells (llc)

A

originate from granulosa cells, secrete progesterone and oxytocin

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5
Q

small luteal cells (slc)

A

originate from the cells of theca interna, secrete progesterone

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6
Q

define folliculogenesis

A

developmental process where an activated primordial follicle develops to a preovulatory size through the growth and differentation of the oocyte and it’s surrounding granulosa cells

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7
Q

ovarian follicles are classifed based on

A
  1. the number of granulosa cells surrounding the oocyte
  2. the morphology of the granulosa cells
  3. their dieameter
  4. the presence or absence of the antrum
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8
Q

the primordial follicle consists of

A

an oocyte surrounded by a single layer of SQUAMOUS follicle cells

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9
Q

the primary follicle consits of

A

a single layer of CUBOIDAL follicle cells surrounding the oocyte

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10
Q

the tertiary follicle consits of

A
  • a fluid filled antrum
  • granulosa cells, basal lamina, theca interna and theca externa cells
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11
Q

the graafian follicle or preovulatory follicle conists of

A

primary to secondary stage oocytes

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12
Q

during the gonadotropin-independent phase

A

the follicle grows through primordial, primary, and secondary stages, INDEPENDENT of FSH and LH

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13
Q

Gonadotropin-responsive phase

A
  • follicle transiton from the preantral stage to the early antral stage
  • primarily controlled by intraovarian regulators but can be stimulated by FSH
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14
Q

Gonadotropin-dependent phase

A
  • follicle growth and maturation beyond the early angral stage
  • includes: follicle recruitment, selection, and ovulation, dependent on FSH and LH
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15
Q

recruitment

A

process where the follicle departs from the pool to initiate growth

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16
Q

selection

A

process where the mature follicle chohort is reduced in number

17
Q

dominance

A

status of the follicle destined to ovulate, and it’s role in regulating the ovulatory quota

18
Q

atresia

A

the degeneration and reabsorption of ovarian follicles

19
Q

fsh is responsible for ___ (in follicules)

A
  • maturing them (transition from secondary to ovulatory)
  • generally, follicule recruitment and inital growth
20
Q

FSH high/low

A
  • highly expressed in granulosa cells of small antral follicles (mid estrus)
  • strongly supressed when the follicle is secreted (ovulation)
21
Q

During follicule secretion

A
  • FSHR is supressed
  • LSHR is induced
22
Q

selection of a dominant follicle for selection and maturation invovles

A
  • becoming dependent on LH
  • greater capacity for estradiol production
  • activation of IGF system
  • antiapoptotic follicular microenviornment
23
Q

ovarian aging is characterized by

A

gradual decline in quantity and quality of oocyte or follicular pool (degenerative process called atresia)

24
Q

ovarian aging in cow

A

after the fourth year of life, the number of ovaries decline until about 3,000 are left in cows 15-20 yrs old

25
high/low hormones during proestrus
decreasing progesterone increasing estradiol, LH, and FSH FSH drops right before estrus
26
high/low hormones during estrus
peak estradiol, LH, and FSH low progesterone
27
two cell gonadotropin theory
- collaboration between theca interna and granulosa cells to make estrogen 1) LH surge 2) theca interna cells respond by: converting chloresterol to pregnolone (P5) and pregnenolone to androgens 4) P450 (in granulosa cells) converts antrogens to estrogen
28
androgens diffuse into granulosa cells and express
FSH receptors and P450
29
P450 transforms
cholesterol into pregnenolone
30
functionof P450
- transforms chloesterol into pregnenolone - androgens to estrogens
31
functions of estradiol
- lordosis, phonation, increased physical activity - increased blood flow, edema of tissues, mucus secretion, lukecytes, smooth muscle motility, growth of uterine glands
32
theca interna cells respond to
LH
33
in theca interna cells...
chloresterol --> pregnenolone --> testosterone
34
granulosa cells respond to
P450
35
in granulosa cells...
androgens are converted to estrogen
36
granulosa cells secrete ____which activates ____
FSH which activates P450