FOI basics Flashcards
An instructor may foster the development of insights by
helping the student acquire and maintain a favorable self concept
What is one way for an instructor to promote the development of insight?
Provide a secure and non threatening environment in which to learn
Motivations in the form of reproof and threats should be avoided with all but the student who is
overconfident and impulsive
For a motivation to be effective, students must believe their efforts will be rewarded in a definite manner. This type of motivation is
tangible
Motivations that cause a student to react with fear and anxiety are
negative
The factor which contributes most to a student’s ability to remain receptive to new experiences is
positive self concept
A systematic classification scheme for sorting learning objectives is referred to as a
taxonomy
A learning plateau may be defined as the
point at which progress appears to slow down or cease before once again increasing
The best way to prepare a student to perform a task is to
provide a clear, step by step example
What is a primary consideration in planning for skill acquisition?
Time devolved to practice
To form proper habits and correct techniques during training, an instructor should
insist on correct techniques and procedures from the outset of training
When under stress, individuals usually react
by exhibiting rational thinking, rapid reaction, and with extreme sensitivity to their surroundings
An instructor can counteract anxiety in a student by
reinforcing the student’s enjoyment of flying and by teaching the student to cope with their fears
Which would most likely be an indication that a student is reacting abnormally to stress?
Inappropriate laughter or singing
One possible indication of a student’s abnormal reaction to stress would be
extreme over cooperation
An adequately developed lesson falls logically into which steps in the teaching process?
Preparation, presentation, application, and review and evaluation
Which method of presentation is desirable for teaching a skill such as ground school lesson on the flight computer?
Demonstration/performance
In the teaching process, which method of presentation is suitable for presenting new material, for summarizing ideas, and for showing relationships between theory and practicable?
Lecture method
To enhance a student’s acceptance of further instruction, the instructor should
keep the student informed of the progress made
The proper sequence for the subparts of an introduction is
attention, motivation, and overview
The method of arranging lesson material from the simple to complex, past to present, and known to unknown, is one that
shows the relationships of the main points of the lesson
In developing a lesson, the instructor should organize explanations and demonstrations to help the student
achieve the desired learning outcome
When teaching from the known to the unknown, an instructor is using the student’s
previous experiences and knowledge
In organizing lesson material, which step sets the stage for everything to come?
introduction
The first step in preparing a lecture is to
establish the objective and desired outcome
An instructor can inspire active student participation during informal lecture by
using questions that encourage student contribution and discussion
What is one advantage of a lecture?
uses time economically
The distinguishing characteristic of an informal lecture is the
active student participation
Which teaching method requires less time to present a given amount of material?
Teaching lecture method
Which is a true statement regarding the teaching lecture?
The instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the class
During a teaching lecture, what would detract from an instructor’s dignity and reflect upon the student’s intelligence?
Errors in grammar and use of vulgarisms
Perhaps the most significant characteristic of group learning is that students tend to
actively participate in the learning process
The main advantage(s) with heterogeneous groups are that students tend to
interact and achieve in ways and at levels that are rarely found with other instructional strategies
The main reason that students are put in cooperative learning groups is so they
can individually achieve greater success than if they were to study alone
An instructional strategy which organizes students into small groups so that they can work together to maximize their own and each other’s learning is called
cooperative learning
A question directed to an entire group to stimulate thought and response from each group member is identified as
overhead
Which question would be best as a leadoff question for a guided discussion the subject of torque?
Why does an aircraft normally require a longer takeoff run at Denver than new Orleans?
When it appears students have adequately discussed the ideas presented during a guided discussion, one of the most valuable tools an instructor can use is
an interim summary of what the students accomplished
Which statement about the guided discussion method of teaching is true?
It relies on student possession of a level of knowledge of the topic
In a guided discussion, leadoff questions should usually begin with
why or how
In a guided discussion, learning is achieved through the
skillful use of questions
When giving instruction using the demonstration performance method, which two separate actions are performed concurrently?
Learner performance and instructor supervision
What is the final element of the demonstration/performance method of teaching?
Evaluation
What are the elements of the demonstration/performance method of teaching?
Explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, and evaluation
Which statement is true concerning computer-assisted learning (CAL)?
The student controls the pace and content of instruction
Some of the more advanced computer-based training (CBT) applications allow students to progress through a series of interactive segments where the presentation varies as a result of their
responses
The major advantage of computer assisted learning (CAL) over other forms of instruction is that it is interactive - the computer responds in different ways, depending on the student’s
response
Practical tests for pilot certification are
criterion-referenced
The objective of the airman certification standards (ACS) is to ensure the certification of pilots at a high level of performance and proficiency, consistent with
safety
During oral quizzing in a given lesson, effective questions should
be brief and concise
What makes an oral question effective?
adapting it to the learner’s stage of training
Which is a valid reason for the use of proper oral quizzing during a lesson?
Reveals the effectiveness of the instructor’s training methods
What type of question would be answered based on memory or recall on an oral test?
a fact question
Proper oral quizzing by the instructor during a lesson can have which result?
Identifies points which need more emphasis
One desirable result of proper oral quizzing by the instructor is to
reveal the effectiveness of the instructor’s training procedures
To answer a student’s question, it is most important that the instructor
clearly understand the question
Which is a true statement concerning the use of instructional aids?
Instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points in a lesson
Instructional aids used in the teaching/learning process should not be used
as a crutch by the instructor
Instructional aids used in the teaching/learning process should be
compatible with the learning outcomes to be achieved
When planning a lesson, an instructional aid most importantly serves to
enhance difficult key points of the lesson
Which statement is true regarding positive or negative approaches in aviation instructional techniques?
A positive approach, to be effective, will point out the pleasurable features of aviation before the unpleasant possibilities are discussed
Faulty performance due to student overconfidence should be corrected by
increasing the standard of performance of each lesson
An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by
making each lesson an enjoyable experience
What is an example of a positive approach for a first lesson?
Demonstrating a thorough preflight inspection and a short flight
Which statement is true regarding the achievement of an adequate standard of performance?
Flight instructors fail to provide competent instruction when they permit students to partially learn an important item of knowledge or skill
What should an instructor do with a student who assumes that correction of errors is unimportant?
Raise the standard of performance for each lesson, demanding greater effort
Frustration and confusion on the part of the student could happen as a result of not knowing the
objective of each period of instruction
Examples of all common endorsements can be found in the current issue of
AC 61-65, Appendix 1
Before endorsing a student for solo flight, the instructor should require the student to demonstrate consistent ability to perform
all of the fundamental maneuvers
The student should be capable of handling problems that might occur, such as traffic pattern congestion, change in active runway, or unexpected crosswinds prior to
initial solo
True performance as a professional is based on study and
research
Which statement is true regarding true professionalism as an instructor?
Anything less than sincere performance destroys the effectiveness of the professional instructor
Student confidence tends to be destroyed if instructors
bluff whenever in doubt about some point
When students are unable to see the benefits or purpose of a lesson, they will
be less motivated
When the instructor keeps the learner informed of lesson objectives and completion standards, it minimizes the learner’s feelings of
insecurity
Aviation instructors should be constantly alert for ways to improve the services they provide to their students, their effectiveness, and their
qualifications
During integrated flight instruction, the instructor must be sure the student
develops the habit of looking for other traffic in addition to referencing flight instruments
Integrated flight instruction has many benefits but, the main objective is to
help the student develop habit patterns for observance of and reference to flight instruments
Integrated flight instruction has many benefits but, the main objective is to
help the student develop habit patterns for observance of and reference to flight instruments
Which is acceptable procedure when using the integrated method of flight instruction?
instruction in the control of an aircraft by outside visual references is integrated with instruction in the use of flight instruments for the same operation
The primary purpose of integrated flight instruction is the
formation of firm habit patterns for observing and referencing the flight instruments
Students who grow impatient when learning the basic elements of a task are those who
should have the preliminary training presented one step at a time with clearly stated goals for each step
Students quickly become apathetic when they
perceive that the instructor is not adequately prepared
Which is one of the ways in which anxiety will affect a student?
Anxiety may limit the student’s ability to learn from perceptions
What is the primary consideration in determining the length and frequency of flight instruction periods?
Fatigue
In planning any instructional activity, the first consideration should be to
determine the overall objectives and standards
Which statement is true concerning extraneous blocks of instruction during a course of training?
They detract from the completion of the final objective
When developing an instructional activity, what is the next step after the overall objective has been established?
identifying blocks of learning
Development and assembly of blocks of learning in their proper relationship will provide a means for
allowing the student to master the segments of the overall pilot performance requirements individually and combining these with other related segments
Each lesson of a training syllabus includes
objective, content, and completion standards
When it is impossible to conduct a scheduled lesson, it is preferable for the instructor to
conduct a lesson that is not predicated completely on skills to be developed during the lesson which was postponed
Which statement is true regarding lesson plans?
Lesson plans help instructors keep a constant check on their own activity as well as that of their students
Every lesson, when adequately developed, falls logically into the steps of the teaching process -
preparation, presentation, application, and review and evaluation
A lesson plan, if constructed properly, will provide an outline for
the teaching procedure to be used in a single instructional period
Which statement is true about lesson plans?
After a lesson plan has been established for a training period, contiguous revision army may be necessary
With regard to the characteristics of a well planned lesson, each lesson should contain
new material that is related to the lesson previously presented
The main concern in developing a lesson plan is the
student
One of the risk elements in the decision making process is identified as
the airplane
What adverse action may result from using test preparation materials in preparing students for FAA tests?
Students may fail to learn other critical info essential for safe piloting
What kind of software responds quickly to the student’s choices and commands?
Interactive video
What systematic approach to the material process does the pilot consistently apply to take the best course of action in a given situation?
Aeronautical decision making
When learners realize the instructor is inadequately prepared for the instruction being given, they quickly become
apathetic
What is one advantage of a lecture?
A lecture is effective in showing relationships between theory and practice
The instructor can correct student impatience by
presenting the necessary preliminary training one step at a time with clearly stated goals for each step
A sign that a student may be experiencing acute fatigue is
neglecting secondary tasks
Commercially developed test preparation materials
should be considered only as a supplement to FAA material and instructor let training
Studies of skill learning suggest that a student achieves better results if distractions are avoided during what type of practice?
Delibrate
In order to determine that the learner can apply the principles and objectives of a maneuver, the instructor can have the learner
perform a different maneuver using the same principle maneuver
Assignment of goals the student considers difficult
can be an effective method of promoting motivation and learning
Which stage of skill acquisition is characterized by the ability to perform a procedure rapidly and smoothly while devoting little deliberate attention to performance and simultaneously performing other tasks?
Automatic response
Which stage of skill acquisition may be characterized by student ability to access personal progress and make adjustments in performance?
Associative stage
Drill and practice method of training delivery is based on the learning principle of
exercise
A properly developed lesson plan should
promote uniformity regardless of the instructor using it
During a teaching lecture, an instructor should
use simple rather than complex words whenever possible
Instructors can help students who arrive at a learning plateau by
moving the student to a different place in the curriculum and giving the current task a break
A major shortcoming of commercial test preparation materials is
that the emphasis is on rote learning
An aviation instructor should write performance based objectives that
fit the desired outcome of a particular lesson
Instructional aids used in the teaching/learning process can be used
to clarify the relationship between material objects and concepts
For the integrated method of flight instruction to be fully effective, the use of instrument reference should begin
the first time each new maneuver is introduced
During oral quizzing in a given lesson, effective questions should
be limited to who, what, when, where, how, or why not in combination
Which stage of skill acquisition has a student achieved if they can fly an ILS approach while talking on the radio?
automatic response
Which of the following correctly identifies the accurate perception and understanding of the factors and conditions within the four fundamental risk elements that affect flight safety?
Situational awarness
What is the purpose of using distractions during a training flight?
To determine if the learner has the ability to divide attention while maintaining control of the aircraft
The most significant characteristic of group learning is that it
continually requires active participation of the student
Presenting students with problems and decisions that test the limits of their knowledge is
generally beneficial in helping students acquire knowledge
The development of any skill acquisition has three characteristic stages
cognitive, associate, and automatic
When a student pilot understands a procedure, and has had the procedure demonstrated, and has practiced the procedure until consistency has been achieved, what level of learning has been demonstrated?
Application
Which would most likely be an indication that a learner is reacting abnormally to stress?
Inadequate, illogical, random, or absent response to the situation
Which is true concerning learning plateaus?
Learning plateaus are a normal part of the learning process and tend to be temporary
The primary objective of integrated flight instruction is the development of
a habit of instrument cross check, instrument interpretation and of controlling an aircraft by visual references
During training flights, an instructor should interject realistic distractions to help the student
develop the ability to determine whether a particular distraction warrants further attention or action
An instructor can help a student cope with fear or anxiety by
emphasizing the benefits and pleasurable experiences from flying
In learning a particular procedure, a leveling off process or plateau is
normal and should be expected after an initial period of rapid improvement
How can an instructor help an impatient learner understand the need for preliminary training?
The procedure and elements mastered in each step should be clearly identified in explaining or demonstrating the performance of the subsequent step
Which is true regarding the length of time devoted to practice?
A beginning student may reach a point at which additional practice can be unproductive and may even be harmful
Which of the following allows the student to control the pace of their instruction?
Multimedia
Which is true concerning learning plateaus?
Instructors themselves can bring on learning plateaus through overpractice
Initially all learning comes from
perceptions
One of the risk categories in the PAVE checklist is
the aircraft
The assignment of reasonable goals that the student considers difficult, but possible
usually provides a challenge and promotes learning
Define the telling and doing technique
A variation of the demonstration/performance method
The basic telling and doing technique of instricion consists of several steps in proper order. They are
instructor tells - instructor does; student tells - instructor does; student tells - student does
The basic demonstration/performance method of instruction consists of several steps in proper order. They are
explanation, demonstration, student performance, instructor supervision, and evaluation
A student may be confused or frustrated by a lesson because he/she doesn’t understand the
objective of the lesson
What stage of skill acquisition is exhibited when a learner demonstrates takeoff procedures and does the maneuver correctly and consistently?
Automatic response stage
Instructional aids such as models, mock ups and cutaways are especially effective in
small group discussions
Which of the following is NOT a hazard of the PAVE checklist?
Passengers
How should instructors respond to student questions in a classroom setting?
Frame an answer as directly and accurately as possible
An instructor recognizing fatigue in a learner should
take a break from the lesson
One way an instructor can reduce anxiety with a learner is
to provide a comfortable, non threatening environment for instruction
How should instructors assist learners when using CAL (computer assisted learning)?
Engage the learner by assessing their learning through the use of questions and feedback
When an aviation instructor demonstrates professionalism, he
is straightforward and honest
The demonstration performance method is based on the idea that people learn best by
doing
How do flight instructors assess and mitigate identified risks?
By instructing the learner on sharing the responsibilities of risk management
Is it considered a normal reaction to stress if the learner exhibits rational thinking, rapid action, and extreme sensitivity to surroundings.
Yes, this is a normal reaction to stress
If an instructor unfairly criticizes a learner, it destroys the learner’s
confidence in the instructor
What is one of the most productive ways to develop skill acquisition?
Memorize the process as a whole
A learner who displays painstaking self control, even to the smallest detail, is experiencing
an abnormal reaction to stress
How can an instructor help a nervous learner?
The instructor should reinforce the learner’s enjoyment of flying and teach them to cope with their anxiety
In which stage of skill acquisition is a student when they are able to explain the steps involved in flying a traffic pattern but are NOT able to perform the task?
cognitive
An aviation instructor is responsible for training a learner to
completion standards in all areas
What is the main purpose of instructional aids?
To support, supplement, or reinforce what is being taught
Your student has begun coming to lessons late and unprepared. What would be a major reason for this behavior?
There has been a drop in motivation
How can an instructor reinforce the enjoyable and pleasurable experiences of flying?
The instructor can counter feelings of anxiety in the learner
A learner has memorized the process of taking off but cannot combine it with any other task. What stage of skill acquisition is exhibited?
Cognitive stage
When a learner believes the instructor is making unreasonable demands for progress, the learner may
experience a decline in motivation
What can an aviation instructor do in order to affect a change in behavior of learners?
Create a positive experience which allows for better decision making
What is the first step in the teaching process?
Preparation
Which method of lesson delivery is most helpful when introducing the use of GPS?
Demonstration performance
Effective use of instruments resulting in improved cross country navigation, coordination, and pilot competency is a benefit of
integrated instruction
What is one method of helping a learner gain insight into new ideas and concepts?
Starting with something the learner already knows and progressing to new concepts
When a student performs a maneuver correctly, but the instructor suspects the student does not fully understand the principles and objectives involved, the instructor should
apply the same elements to the performance of other maneuvers for verification
What can an instructor do when a learner fails to understand the need for preliminary training and seeks only the ultimate objective without considering the means necessary to reach it?
Instructor can correct learner impatience by presenting preliminary training with clear goals and objectives
What reinforces the learner’s ability to cope with fear?
An instructor countering anxiety of a learner
What is the benefit of computer assisted learning (CAL)?
It allows the learner to focus on areas that they need more work/focus on
Why is it important for the instructor to be able to detect fatigue in the learner?
The learner will exhibit substandard performance and should be given a break
What should an instructor look for when asking a fact based question during an oral assessment?
One correct answer based on memory or recall
Which term identifies a learning phenomenon when progress appears to cease or slow down for a period of time before increasing again?
Learning plateau
What should an instructor do when a learner exhibits fatigue that occurs as a result of application to a learning task?
Learner should be given a break in instruction and practice
What should an instructor do to facilitate learning a complex subject?
Break the lesson into segments
When should integrated flight instruction first be introduced?
From the very beginning of flight training
What information is pertinent to understanding the use of instructional aids?
Instructional aids should be straightforward, factual, and simple
When is the use of instructional aids most effective?
To reinforce what is being taught
When a learner temporarily reaches a capability limit while learning a new motor skill,
a learning plateau has been reached
Which question would be best as a leadoff question for a guided discussion on the subject of torque?
How does torque affect an airplane?
What is one method an instructor can use to bring about a change in behavior in a learner?
Provide experiences that give the learner opportunities for decision making
What should an instructor avoid during deliberate practice?
Distractions
Why would an instructor want the learner to reach the associative stage in development?
So the learner will be able to assess their own progress and make adjustments
How is learning achieved while using the guided discussion training delivery method?
By categorizing questions by function and characteristics
What is the critical outcome of instructor oral quizzing?
It verifies the learner’s comprehension of what has been taught
A lesson introduction is important to
set the stage for everything to come
How can an instructor encourage active learner participation during an informal lecture?
By creating a friendly, relaxed atmosphere
What must an instructor understand about learner anxiety so that effective learning can occur?
An instructor must provide an atmosphere where the learner can be comfortable, confident in the instructor and the aircraft, and be at ease
One method for an instructor to minimize the learner’s feelings of insecurity is by
keeping learners informed
Why must the instructor create and assemble learning blocks in the proper relationship?
To help the learner master the individual segments and progressively combine them with related segments to achieve the desired objective
Instructors should stress to learners that with test preparation materials
the material is supplemental and not a stand alone product
