Definitions-Concepts Flashcards
A change in behavior as a result of experience can be defined as
learning
The learning process is multifaceted any may include some types of elements taking place simultaneously such as verbal, conceptual, and
emotional
While learning the subject at hand, students may be learning other things as well. This type of learning is sometimes referred to as
incidental
Insights, as applied to learning, involve a person’s
grouping of associated perceptions into meaningful wholes
Individuals make more progress learning if they have a clear objective. This is one feature of the principle of
readiness
Which statement is true concerning motivations?
Motivations may be very subtle and difficult to identify
Which is generally more effective way for an instructor to properly motivate students?
Provide positive motivations by the promise or achievement of rewards
Which principle of learning implies that a student will learn more from the real thing than from a substitute?
Principle of intensity
The grouping of perceptions into a meaningful whole is called
insights
The principle that is based on the emotional reaction of the learner is the principle of
effect
Things most often repeated are best remembered because of which principle of learning?
principle of exercise
Which principle of learning often creates a strong, almost unshakable, impression?
principle of primary
Which principle of learning often determines the sequence of lectures within a course of instruction?
Principle of recency
Providing opportunities for a student to practice and then directing this process toward a goal is the basis of the principle of
exercise
During the flight portion of a practical test, the examiner simulates complete loss of engine power by closing the throttle and announcing simulated engine failure. What level of learning is being tested?
Correlation
What level of knowledge is being tested if asked, what is the maneuvering speed of the aircraft listed in the owner’s manual?
Rote
What level of learning is being tested when the learner is asked, how does gross weight affect maneuvering speed?
understaning
At which level of learning do many instructors mistakenly stop teaching?
application
Responses that produce a pleasurable return are called
praise
What term is used to describe the learning of a particular maneuver or skill that may hinder the learning of another maneuver or skill?
Negative transfer
What type of training has taken place when a student learns to fly an airport traffic pattern as a rectangular course?
positive
Which of the student’s human needs offer the greatest challenge to an instructor?
self actualization
Before a student can concentrate on learning, which human needs must be satisfied?
biological
What human need becomes the primary influence on behavior once the student feels physically safe and comfortable?
belonging
When a student uses excuses to justify inadequate performance, it is an indication of the defense mechanism known as
rationalization
When the students display the defense mechanism of denial they
may attempt to minimize the situation
When a student asks irrelevant questions or refuses to participate in class activities, it usually is an indication of the defense mechanism known as
aggression
Which of the following is a common property of defense mechanisms?
They tend to distort, transform, or otherwise falsify reality
Taking physical or mental flight is a defense mechanism students use when they
want to escape from frustrating situations
When students subconsciously use the defense mechanism called rationalization, they
cannot accept the real reasons for their behavior
When a student becomes bewildered and lost in the advanced phase of training after completing the early phase without grasping the fundamentals, the defense mechanism is usually in the form of
resignation
When a student engages in daydreaming, it is the defense mechanism of
fantasy
When has instruction taken place?
When a procedure has been explained, and the desired student response has occurred
Which obstacle is a greater deterrent to learning pilot skills than is generally recognized?
impatience
Insights as applied to learning involve a person’s
relating and grouping of associated perceptions
What level of knowledge is being tested if asked, What is the significance of an aircraft’s maneuvering speed listed in the pilot’s operating handbook?
understanding
Which statement is true regarding overlearning of knowledge?
Overlearning sometimes occurs when knowledge used frequently begins to take on the properties of a skill
A student pilot who fails a practical test and attributes the failure to an unfair evaluation by the examiner may be demonstrating a defense mechanism known as
projection
Before a student can concentrate on learning, which human needs must be satisfied?
Biological
A student who harbors a hidden fear of flying that inhibits learning during training is displaying the defense mechanism of
repression
When a student attempts to disguise a weak or undesirable quality by emphasizing a more positive one, this a defense mechanism in the form of
compensation
The use of some type of association such as rhymes or word patterns to assist in remembering information is called
mnemonics
Precoding can be described as
The selective process where the sensory register is set to recognize certain stimuli and transfer it to short term memory
The stem is
the part of a multiple choice test item consisting of the question, statement, or problem
What is the function of risk management?
Decision making process designed to identify hazards systematically
A student pilot performs poorly on a test. He or she justifies the poor grade by claiming there was not enough time to learn the required material while not admitting to take advantage of a computerized pretest offered by the instructor. This is an indication of the defense mechanism known as
rationalization
The fantasy defense mechanism may result in the learner
no longer trying to achieve goals
What defense mechanism might a learner be exhibiting if they disguise a weak or undesirable quality in performance by emphasizing a more positive one?
compensation
The learner needs to practice what has been taught in order to understand and remember the learning. What law of learning is demonstrated by this definition?
exercise
Which human need must the learner meet before learning can take place?
Physiological
If bill teaches landings to beverly on the first flight, she is likely to feel inferior and frustrated which weakens the intended learning connection. Which law of learning is demonstrated in this scenario?
effect
According to maslow, instructing someone who feels that flying is something they were born to do can be rewarding, but it can also
be the greatest challenge to an instructor
An application strategy for dealing with a learner who projects the blame for shortcomings onto others is
assigning reasonable and obtainable goals
Which law of learning is the instructor using when preparing the learner for a real life situation?
intensity
What is a possible consequence of overlearning?
Use of automated routines could fail to detect a problem
A learner is able to repeat something that has been taught without understanding or being able to apply it. What level of learning is this?
rote
A learner feels belonging after which basic needs are fulfilled?
Physically safe and comfortable
What is a common mistake among instructors at the application level of learning?
not to teach at a higher level
Which one of these situations shows repression as a defense mechanism?
Student is afraid to bring the airplane to a complete stall, inhibiting the learning of the maneuver
What level of knowledge is being tested when the learner is asked, what is the purpose of the mixture control in an airplane?
understanding
The selective process where the sensory register recognizes stimuli and transmits them to short term memory, such as when a sensory register recognizes a fire alarm, is called
precoding
What is meant when learning is described as multifaceted?
The learning process may include verbal, conceptual, perceptual, emotional, and problem solving elements all taking place at the same time
A student continually reverts back to bad habits they learned in the beginning of their flight training. What law of learning does this show?
primacy
Which one shows a learner ineffectively coping when they want to be an airline pilot but have trouble mastering complex airplanes while advancing in training?
Daydreaming about how things should be rather than doing anything about how things are
Which law or learning is used when an instructor teaches a classroom scenario followed by a real life practice
recency
Why do we use mnemonics during the learning process?
They help with learning difficult to remember concepts
An overconfident learner can become a challenge to the instructor because of
lack of motivation
When a learner accepts what has happened, but in a diluted form, he is
displaying denial by minimizing what happened
If an instructor recognizes that the learner is using a defense mechanism, they should
talk to the learner about the problem
