Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GOSH > Foetal development > Flashcards

Foetal development Flashcards

1
Q

On what day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

A

day 14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does fertilisation and conception take place?

A

fallopian tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the stages of cell division?

A

Zygote

Morula

Blastocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

After conception, where does the blastocyst travel to?

A

uterine cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

On what day does implantation in to uterine cavity take place?

A

day 23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens after implantation of blastocyst into decidua?

A

hCG released

stimulates ovary to produce progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

For how long do HCG levels rise?

A

rise rapidly up to 10 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the basis of a pregnancy test?

A

HCG levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is HCG detected in pregnancy tests?

A

detected in serum and urine 4 weeks after LMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What concentration of HCG is detected in a urine +ve PT?

A

Urine PT +ve when HCG concentration reaches 25 IU/ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When does early implantation generally take place?

A

12 days post conception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which hormone is the main pregnancy hormone?

A

Progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which key areas of maternal physiology are effected by progesterone?

A

cardiovascular
respiratory
uterine quiescence
immune system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you diagnose pregnancy?

A

Clinical: symptoms
signs

Investigations: hCG
USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two main routes of USS?

A

transvaginal or transabdominal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are key dates in foetal development?

A

4-5 weeks: gestation sac 6mm

5-6 weeks: yolk sac

6 weeks: foetal pole 5mm

6-7 weeks: foetal heart activity

8 weeks: limb buds, foetal movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does the size of a foetus change in between weeks 6-12 weeks?

A

doubles in size every week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What occurs in the uterus/to the foetus in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy?

A

organs develop

placenta assumes major role (gas exchange, nutrient waste transfer, steroidogenesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In which timeframe is their the highest risk of miscarriage during pregnancy?

A

within the first 12 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What role does the placenta play in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy?

A

gas exchange

nutrient/waste transfer

steroidogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are two important complications of early pregnancy?

A

miscarriage

ectopic (tubal) pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How many days is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days (from first day of LMP to first day of next MP)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which hormone peaks to trigger ovulation around day 14?

A

luetnising hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is happening between days 1 - 14?

A

follicle is growing

25
Q

What hormone peaks after ovulation?

A

FSH

26
Q

What happens after the follicle is released?

A

follicle becomes corpus luteum (releases progesterone)

27
Q

Where does ovulation occur?

A

fallopian tube

28
Q

What stage of development is the foetus as it travels towards the uterine cavity?

A

blastocyst

29
Q

On the diagram fro the lecture, what is site number 2?

A

cervical ectopic

30
Q

Where is the most common site of an ectopic pregnancy?

A

ampulla (of fallopian tube)

31
Q

How is an ectopic pregnancy in the ampulla usually treated?

A

laparoscopic surgery to remove fallopian tube

32
Q

How is a corneal ectopic pregnancy treated?

A

injection of methotrexate

33
Q

When does the placenta take over from the corpus luteum in terms of producing progesterone?

A

after about 14 weeks

34
Q

What can happen to hCG level in third trimester?

A

it can drop (therefore won’t detect positive on pregnancy test)

35
Q

What occurs in maternal blood lakes?

A

exchange of oxygen and blood waste

36
Q

What is the main pregnancy hormone?

A

progesterone

37
Q

What hormone is the main cause of many health problems in pregnancy?

A

progesterone

38
Q

What changes occur to cardiovascular system when you’re pregnant?

A

HR increases
SV increases
= increase CO

BP decreases (peripheral vascular resistance decreases - allows blood to go to bottom of body more easily)
Nadir in second trimester
(patient might feel dizzy)

39
Q

What changes occur to respiratory system when you’re pregnant?

A

SOB - cause can range from physiological (baby growth) to PE

40
Q

What happens to uterine quiescence in pregnancy?

A

Uterus becomes quiet - uterine relaxation.

This is caused by progesterone

41
Q

What do you give to women who are at risk of pre-term labour

A

progesterone

42
Q

What happens to immune system in pregnancy?

A

weakens (less active T cells)

HENCE why baby isn’t rejected

43
Q

What risk are women with HIV and

severe asthma exposed to when pregnant?

A

more likely to have exacerbations

44
Q

What is the most common infection in pregnant women?

A

UTI

45
Q

What are symptoms of pregnancy?

A

ammenhorhoea
morning sickness
breast engorgement and tenderness
mood changes

46
Q

What investigations should you do to diagnose pregnancy?

A

hCG

USS

47
Q

Other than in heightened BMI, when might you use a TV US?

A

very early on in pregnancy (as uterus is in pelvis)

48
Q

4-5 weeks US shows:

A

gestational sac

49
Q

5-6 weeks US shows:

A

yolk sac

50
Q

6 weeks US shows:

A

foetal pole

51
Q

6-7 weeks US shows:

A

Foetal heart

52
Q

8 weeks US shows:

A

limb buds

foetal movement

53
Q

When can you reassure a mother that her baby is healthy?

A

6.5 weeks

need to be able to hear heart sounds

54
Q

When can you determine the sex of the baby?

A

15 weeks

55
Q

When a baby is born, how many layers does it have?

A

2: amnion, chorion

56
Q

When does the dating scan need to be done by?

A

14 weeks

57
Q

What else is offered with the dating test?

A

Down’s screening: transnuchal lucency

58
Q

What is the risk of miscarriage before 12 weeks?

A

1 in 4 - 1 in 6

59
Q

What foetal development occurs after 12 weeks?

A

Growth and maturation

GOSH (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions