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FN 123 > FN 124 LE 2 - Pre-school Age > Flashcards

FN 124 LE 2 - Pre-school Age Flashcards

1
Q

The interval between infancy and adolescence is a period of _______ growth

A

slower

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2
Q

Weight gain approximates ______kg per year

A

1.8-2.7

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3
Q

Length increases approximately ___inches (___ cm) per year

A

3 inches (7.6 cm)

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4
Q

Estimating the DBW of children 1-6 y.o

DBW (kg) = __________

A

(age in years x 2) + 8

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5
Q

Brain growth is ____ complete by the end of the ____ year.

A

75%; 2nd

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6
Q

By _____ years of age, brain growth is complete.

A

6-10

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7
Q

Bone growth occurs leading to _______________.

A

increased stature

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8
Q

Children become _______ as they grow older.

A

leaner

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9
Q

Children learn to feed themselves (________________).

A

ulnar deviation

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10
Q

A refined _______ grasp developed by the 1st year.

A

pincer

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11
Q

A refined ________ chewing established as the child gets older.

A

rotary

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12
Q

Physical Changes in pre-school changes (4)

A
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13
Q

Developmental Changes (3)

A
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14
Q

Energy requirements are determined Determined on the basis of (3)

A

basal metabolism, rate of growth, and energy expenditure

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15
Q

Recommended energy intake

A

13-15 kcal/cm for children 2-5 years old

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16
Q

Suggested proportions of energy intake (C, P, F)

A

50%-60% carbohydrates
25%-35% fats
10%-15% protein

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17
Q

Protein assessment (3)

A

protein efficiency ratio (PER), biological value (BV), and net protein utilization (NPU).

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18
Q

In 1991, the FAO/WHO proposed a new system, which was adopted by the Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine.

A

Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

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19
Q

Determined by comparing the amino acid profile of the food in question against a standard amino acid profile, with 100 as the highest possible score.

A

Protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

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20
Q

PDCAAS is based on the amino acid that is in the _______ supply when compared to a reference (scoring) pattern.

A

shortest

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21
Q

Digestibility of the protein also is factored into the score by way of ___________.

A

fecal digestibility

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22
Q

If a protein is completely missing just one IAA, the PDCAAS is _____.

A

0

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23
Q

If a protein with a low amount of one IAA has a PDCAAS of 20, then the protein provides only ____ of that particular amino acid when compared to the scoring pattern.

A

20%

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24
Q

The recommended CHON intakes are derived from the __________ for a reference CHON set by the FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) adjusted for CHON quality.

A

safe level intakes (SLIs)

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25
Q

The SLIs for a reference CHON were adjusted for CHON quality of rice-based diets, _______________ PDCAAS.

A

70% (61%-80%)

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26
Q

Studies in poor communities by FAO/WHO showed that
intakes of ___________/day have signs of VAD.

A

100-200 μg RE

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27
Q

Recommended CHON intakes for Filipino children:

1-3 y
4-6 y
7-9 y

A

1-3 y – 2.15 g/kg/day
4-6 y – 2.00 g/kg/day
7-9 y – 1.79 g/kg/day

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28
Q

The VAD-related morbidity was reduced with ______ μg RE/day supplementation.

A

350-400

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29
Q

The RENI Committee recommends a daily intake of ______ RE/day for children 1-9 years old.

A

400 μg

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30
Q

The RENI Committee recommends the following vitamin C intake:

A

1-3 y – 30 mg/day
4-6 y – 30 mg/day
7-9 y – 35 mg/day

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30
Q

Dietary reference intake of iron:

A

1-3 years old – 7 mg/day
4-8 years old – 10 mg/day

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31
Q

Formula for Metabolic Body Weight (MBS)

A
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32
Q

Tolerable upper intake level of iron:

A

1-8 years old – 40 mg/day

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33
Q

The RENI recommends the following for iron

A

1-3 y – 8 mg/day
4-6 y – 9 mg/day

34
Q

Dietary reference intakes of iron:

A

1-3 years old – 500 mg/day
4-8 years old – 800 mg/day

34
Q

Tolerable upper intake levels of iron:

A

1-8 years old – 2,500 mg/day

35
Q

Deficiencies lead to growth failure, poor appetite, decreased taste acuity, and poor wound healing

A

Zinc requirement

36
Q

The RENI Committee recommends for Calcium

A

1-3 y – 500 mg/day
4-6 y – 550 mg/day

37
Q

Daily Recommended Amount of Food for the Preschool Child (Energy Food)

A
38
Q

Daily Recommended Amount of Food for the Preschool Child (Body-building Food)

A
39
Q

Daily Recommended Amount of Food for the Preschool Child (Regulating Food)

A
40
Q

___________ is correlated with between-meal
snacking.

A

Television viewing

41
Q

____ affects food requests of children.

A

Television

41
Q

With or without conscious effort, the ______, guides the food preferences and establishes the food pattern of preschool children

A

family

41
Q

______________________ encourages sedentary
lifestyle.

A

Extensive television viewing

42
Q

Children usually eat well in a ________

A

group

42
Q

________ settings are also ideal for nutrition education programs during
mealtimes.

A

Group

43
Q

May display lack of interest or too much interest for a specific food item for days or weeks (food jags and dwalding)

A

Foodrituals

44
Q
  • Usually erratic and unpredictable
A

Appetite

45
Q

The ________ is generally the least well received.

A

evening meal

46
Q
  • Foods eaten easily with unskilled and clumsy hands should be considered.
  • Advise to parents: support the child’s efforts of self-feeding.
A

Ease of manipulation

46
Q

1 oz of milk supplies _______ of Ca +

A

36mg

47
Q

Children 3-5 years old eat more than 3 times a day. Average meals is ________ a day.

A

5-7 times

48
Q

_________ children to eat vegetables is usually discouraged.

A

Forcing

48
Q

If children consistently refuse meats, their _________ may be affected; thus closely monitor iron status.

A

heme iron intake

49
Q

Food characteristics that are important to consider in meals for pre-school children

A

A. Texture – Well tolerated foods are soft, crispy, and chewy.

B. Flavor – Generally, children reject strong flavors.

C. Portion sizes – Discourage large portions of food but permit second servings.

D. Presentation – Usually accept simple unmixed dishes.

E. Temperature – Accepts room temperature foods.

50
Q

Because snacking is often, less _________ food items should be emphasized.

A

cariogenic

51
Q

Six groups of at-risk children & for whom vitamin-mineral supplementation may be appropriate (AAP)

A

A. Children from deprived families.
B. Children who suffer from anorexia.
C. Children with chronic diseases
D. Children on dietary regimen to manage obesity
E. Vegetarian children
F. Pregnant teenagers

52
Q

Children who skipped ________ and then given a variety of tests made more errors and had slower memory recall (Pollitt et al., 1998)

A

breakfast

53
Q

Children with _____ tend to score lower on tests of mental development & pay less attention to relevant information needed for problem- solving (Lozoff et. al., 2000).

A

ID

53
Q

Possible factors associated with ID, include (3)

A

parents’ educational level, access to medical care, & diet.

54
Q

Prevalence of overweight in children is not due to _________ alone

A

genetics

55
Q

Current evidence shows that many overweight children have one or more CV risk factors - (2)

A

HPN, high levels of lipids & insulin

56
Q

Factors contributing to excess energy intake are (3)

A

proliferation of eating establishments, eating tied to sedentary lifestyle, and children making more food and
eating decisions.

57
Q

Physical Milestones

Lungs continue to undergo the process of branching off new alveoli until age _________

A

7-8 years

58
Q

Physical Milestones

Over _______, truncal and limb growth is prioritized

A

5 years

59
Q

Physical Development

______________ slows by the end of the 2nd yr, with decreases in nutritional requirements and appetite, and the emergence of picky eating habits

A

Somatic and brain growth

59
Q

Physical Milestones

Between birth and 1 yr, fat deposition is considerable (from 14% to 25%)

A

14% to 25%

59
Q

Physical Maturation:

Over 1-4, absolute fat mass in the body stays relatively stable but increasing lean body mass results in fat proportions declining to ____

A

20%

60
Q

Physical Maturation:

Brain increases in size around ____ between ages of 1-5 yrs and by the end of this period is around ____ of adult size

A

50%; 90%

61
Q

Physical Development

_________ (knock knees) and ________ (flatfoot)

A

genu valgum; mild pes planus

61
Q

Physical Development

Increases in _____ in weight and ______ in height per year are expected

A

2 kg; 7-8 cm

62
Q

Physical Development

The head will grow in additional _______ between ages 3 and 18 y

A

5 cm

62
Q

Physical Development

Birthweight ______ by 2 1/2 of age

A

quadruples

63
Q

Physical Development

Torso _____ as legs lengthen

A

slims

64
Q

Physical Development

Physical energy peaks and need for sleep declines to ______/24 hr with the child eventually dropping in a nap

A

11-13

65
Q

Physical Development

All ____ primary teeth has erupted by 3 yrs of age

A

20

66
Q

Physical Development

Handedness is established by the ____ year

A

3rd

67
Q

Physical Development

Bed-weting is normal up to age ____ in girls and age _____ in boys

A

4; 5

68
Q

the individual level of functioning a child is capable of as a result of the nervous system and psychologic reactions

A

Development

69
Q

not determined by either genetics (nature) or environment (nurture), but rather a combination of both

A

Development

70
Q

energy and nutrients

A

Physical milestones

71
Q

affect how nutrient demands are delivered and development of attitudes and behaviors for long-term health and well-being

A

Psychosocial and behavorial

FN 123 (10 decks)

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