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FN 123 > FN 124 LE 2 - Infancy > Flashcards

FN 124 LE 2 - Infancy Flashcards

1
Q

Proper infant nutrition is fundamental to a child’s continued health, from birth through adulthood. Why? (3)

A
  1. Lower morbidity and mortality
  2. Reduce the risk of chronic
    disease throughout the life span (Fetal Origins of Adult Disease)
  3. Promote regular mental and physical development.
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2
Q

_________ determined by the mother’s pre-pregnancy weight & her weight gain during pregnancy.

A

Birth weight

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3
Q

Immediately after birth, there is weight loss (___) but this is regained on the ________.

A

~6%; first 2 weeks

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4
Q

By 4 months, most infants are ____ their birth weight; by 12 months its ____ their birth weight.

A

2x; 3x

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5
Q

Males usually increase their weights to ____ their birth weights _____ than females.

A

2x; earlier

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6
Q

Infants usually increase their lengths by ____ the 1st year.

A

50%

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7
Q

Refers to length drops from a higher to a lower percentile rating on the growth chart

A

A period of “catch-up” or “lag-down” growth

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8
Q

rate of childhood growth over normal periods of development, as compared with a population standard

A

Growth velocity

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9
Q

period of increased speed of growth at different points of childhood development
Example of a growth chart

A

Growth acceleration

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10
Q

__________ as %age of body weight decreases from approximately _____ at birth to _____ at 1 year.

A

Total body water; 70%; 60%

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11
Q

Reduction is mostly extracellular fluid (_____ to _____) due to changes in the ratio of _______ to _______ tissues.

A

42% to 32%; adipose to lean tissues

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12
Q

After birth, _____ accumulates rapidly until ____________.

A

fat; ~9 months

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13
Q

Females accumulate more ______ than males.

A

fat

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14
Q

The head proportion decreases as the torso and leg proportion ___________.

A

increases

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15
Q

At birth, the head accounts for _______ of the total body weight

A

~1⁄4

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16
Q

When growth has ceased, the head accounts for ________ of total body length.

A

one-eighth (1/8)

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17
Q

Between birth & adulthood, leg length increases from approximately ____ of the newborn’s birth length to ____ of adult’s total body height.

A

3/8; 1⁄2

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18
Q

A parent’s responsiveness to an infant’s cues of hunger & satiation, and the close physical contact during feeding facilitate a healthy ____________ development.

A

psychosocial

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19
Q

______________ is very important. Babies need to be held while they are fed.

A

Tactile stimulation

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20
Q

Trust vs Mistrust | Basic Virtue: Hope

A

Infancy Psychosocial Development

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21
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Fusses. and cries, mouths the nipple

A

Early infancy

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22
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Vocalizes the eagerness for food

A

28-36 weeks

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23
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Actively approach the breast

A

16-24 weeks

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24
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Points or touches spoon

A

40-52 weeks

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25
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Sputters with tongue and lips

A

40-52 weeks

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26
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Fall asleep, draws away from nipple

A

Early infancy

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27
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Withdraws head, bites nipple

A

16-24 weeks

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28
Q

Identify the age (Hunger and Satiety Cues):

Changes position, shakes head

A

28-36 weeks

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29
Q

The digestive capacity ______ & ______ during the first year of life

A

matures; increases

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30
Q

Stomach capacity: _____ ml at birth to 200 ml by 12 months

A

10-12; 200

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31
Q

gastric pH _______ at birth

A

slightly alkaline

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32
Q

Stomach empties every ____________

A

2.5-3 hours

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33
Q

____________ is common for newborns.

A

Reverse peristalsis

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34
Q

Intestines of newborns are ________ in relation to body size than the adult.

A

larger

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35
Q

Factors necessary for digestion present at birth (CHON)

A

Recite the table

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36
Q

Factors necessary for digestion present at birth (Fat)

A

Recite the table

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37
Q

Factors necessary for digestion present at birth (CHO)

A

Recite the table

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38
Q

The newborn infant has an ___________ kidney.

A

immature

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39
Q

The functional development of the _______ of the kidney is completed at ___ month of age.

A

nephron; 1 month of age

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40
Q

Mature proportions of the parts of the nephron is attained at ___ months of age.

A

5

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41
Q

The pituitary produces limited amount of _________ – inhibits _________.

A

vasopressin; diuresis

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42
Q

Kcal requirement was determined by (3)

A

body size, physical activity, & growth rates

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43
Q

It is estimated that _____ of energy expenditure is due to BMR.

A

50%

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44
Q

(ENERGY) WHO studies:

1st 6 months = ___ kcal/kg; 6months – 1 yr = ____ kcal/kg

A

108; 98

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45
Q

Increases in body CHON are estimated to average _____ g/d for the 1st 4 months & ______ g/d for the next 8 months.

A

~3.5; 3.1

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46
Q

(CHON) Recommended intake is ____ g/kg for the 1st 6 months and ____g/kg from 6-12 months.

A

2.2; 1.6

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47
Q

Essential amino acids

A

PVT TIM HALL

48
Q

Fat supplies between ______ of the energy consumed by the infant.

A

40-50%

49
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

linoleic (n-6) and alpha linolenic (n-3)

50
Q

Infants require ______ water per unit of body size than do adults.

A

more

51
Q

Most of the water is located in the _________ and ________ spaces.

A

extracellular and vascular

52
Q

Under normal conditions, infants fed breast milk ______ need additional water.

A

do not

53
Q

Range of average water requirements of infants & children under ordinary

A

Table

54
Q

Formula fed infants retain _______ of the calcium they consume.

A

less than 1⁄2

55
Q

Breastfed infants retain ______ of their calcium intake.

A

2/3

56
Q

Infant iron needs are supplied from 2 different sources – ____________ and ____________

A

prenatal reserves & food sources

57
Q

_______ of the Fe in human milk, _______ in cow’s milk & _____ in Fe-fortified formula is absorbed.

A

49%; 10%; 4%

58
Q

The infant is born ______ zinc body
stores; rapidly becomes dependent on a __________

A

without; dietary source.

59
Q

Results of studies show that zinc requirement of males is _______ compared to females.

A

higher

60
Q

Established that it prevents dental caries

A

Fluoride

61
Q

Excessive intake results to dental ______

A

fluorosis

62
Q

The specific functions of vitamins in metabolic processes make the requirement for each vitamin _________ upon the related intakes of ____________________________.

A

dependent; kcal, CHON, CHO, & fats

63
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins in excess of needs are not excreted but __________. Thus, reserves can be ___________ compared to water-soluble vitamins.

A

stored; accumulated

64
Q

The need for supplemental Fe depends on the _______________.

A

composition of the diet

65
Q

Solely breastfed infants should receive a supplement by _________

A

6 months.

66
Q

Developmental Factors Affecting Infant Nutrition (Digestive Tract)

A

Enumerate

67
Q

Developmental Factors Affecting Infant Nutrition (Renal System)

A

Enumerate

68
Q

Developmental Factors Affecting Infant Nutrition (Immune System)

A

Enumerate

69
Q

Reconciling Developmental Barriers to Infant Feeding (Developmental Factor and Addressed by)

A

Table

70
Q

2 kinds of complementary foods:

A

a. Specially prepared
b. Usual foods family foods that are modified

71
Q

Why complementary feeding is not given before 6 months (5)

A

Enumerate

72
Q

Signs that indicate baby is ready for added food
(Physiological Signs)

A

Enumerate

73
Q

Signs that indicate baby is ready for added food
(Physical Signs)

A

Enumerate

74
Q

Order of introducing solid foods

A

cereal, fruit, vegetables, eggs, meat

75
Q

Start by giving ____ tsp of bland, semi-solid cereal gruel

A

1⁄2

76
Q

Repeat and increase the food to ____ tsp the next day or 2 days after

A

1

77
Q

Identify age based on frequency of feeding:

  • 2-3x a day- before milk feeding
  • Interval feeding
A

6 months

78
Q

Identify age based on frequency of feeding:

3 meals/day

A

> 3 years

79
Q

Identify age based on frequency of feeding:

4 meals/day

A

2-3 years

80
Q

Identify age based on frequency of feeding:

3-5x/day after milk feeding

A

More than 6 months

81
Q

Identify age based on frequency of feeding:

5 meals/day: 3 full meals + snacks

A

1-2 year

82
Q

Identify age based on foods to give:

  • Full diet: pureed meat, egg, fruit, vegetables, cereals
  • For teething: give chewy foods such as crackers
A

More than 6 months

83
Q
  • 7-8th month: ______, chopped
A

finely

84
Q

*9-12th month: _______ chopped

A

coarsely

85
Q

Identify age based on foods to give:

  • Thin rice gruel, mashed banana or papaya
  • Commercial preparation
  • Gradual introduction of egg yolk, liver, meat, fish, poultry
A

6 months

86
Q

Identify age based on foods to give:

Foods similar to the family; variation in
texture, consistency, flavor

A

2-3 years

87
Q

Identify age based on foods to give:

Foods similar to the family; with very little or no variation in texture, consistency, flavor

A

> 3 years

88
Q

Identify age based on foods to give:

Foods similar to the family; variation in
texture, consistency, flavor

A

1-2 year

89
Q

Illustrate Concept of the Food Source (Energy Source, Protein Source, Vitamins & Minerals, Energy Supplement)

A

Figure

90
Q

Recite the table, How Much to Give (Component, 6-12 months, >12 months)

A

Table

91
Q

Type of diarrhea where abrupt onset; lasts for few hours to days

A

Acute

92
Q

Type of diarrhea persists 7-10 days after acute period

A

Chronic

93
Q

Type of diarrhea that lasts more than 2 weeks in infants <3 months old

A

Intractable

93
Q

Causes & Symptoms of diarrhea

A

Recite

94
Q

Management of diarrhea

A

Recite

95
Q

Composition of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)

A

6 level tbsp. of sugar & 1⁄2 level tsp of salt
dissolved in 1L of clean water

96
Q

In feeding ORS for <2y.o

A

atleast 1⁄4 to 1⁄2 of 250 ml cup after
each watery stool

97
Q

In feeding ORS for > 2 y.o.

A

at least 1⁄2 c to 1c after each watery stool.

98
Q

Causes of symptoms of vomiting

A

Recite

99
Q

Causes of symptoms of Colic

A

Recite

100
Q

Causes of symptoms of food sensitivity

A

Recite

101
Q

Causes of symptoms of Constipation

A

Recite

102
Q

Management of vomiting

A

Recite

103
Q

Management of food sensitivity

A

Recite

104
Q

Management of Colic

A

Recite

105
Q

Management of Constipation

A

Recite

106
Q

baby born before completion of 37 weeks of gestation.

A

High-risk infants/ Preterm infants

107
Q

Physiological immaturity of preterm infants (5)

A
108
Q

Preterm Infants are of
High Nutritional Risk (5)

A
109
Q

For pre-term infants:

Nutritional Requirements – higher BMR, thus TEA is _______ higher than full term

A

30-50%

110
Q

For pre-term infants:

Energy & Protein: for catch-up growth & gradual increase in food intake until intake reaches

Energy: _________ kcal/kg BW/day Protein: _________ g/kg BW/day

A

120-240; 3-4

111
Q

For pre-term infants:

Double RENI of full-term infant for which vitamins?

A

Vitamin A, D, C, K

112
Q

For pre-term infants:

Minerals needed?

A

calcium, iron, and phosphorus

113
Q

8 food groups

A

MInimum Diet Diversity (MDD)

114
Q

proxy measure of energy intake

A

Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF)

115
Q

Under MMF, what are the WHO-UNICEF recomms for meal frequency in 6-8 months, 9 to 23 months, and non-breastfed?

A

2 feedings, 3 feedings, 4 feedings

116
Q

combines both MDD and MMF

A

Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD)

FN 123 (10 decks)

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