FM 4 Flashcards
hearing is better in loud places makes you think
conductive hering loss
hearing is btter in quiet places makes you think
sensorineural loss
WEBER TEST RESULTS
- —- lateralization to AFFECTED ear
- —-Lateralization to UNAFF ear
affected ear= conductive
unaffected ear=sensorineural
Bone conduction > Air
conductive
Air conduction > Bone
Sensorineural
labyrinthitis
- mcc
- CM
- dx
- tx
mcc=viral
- bacterial
- *infection of the inner ear
CM
-dizziness, vertigo, ear pressure, hearing loss with episodes lasting 1-2 weeks
dx=clinical
tx
*sympotamtic— antihistamines, bed rest
BACTERIAl=abx broad spectrum
acute onset of vertigo, hearing loss tinnitus lasting several days to weeks
+/- nausea vomiting fever HA
labrynthitis
Laryngitis
- mcc
- cm
- when would you do a laryngoscopy
mcc= inflammation of larynx from voice strain or virus
***follows URI
CM= voice hoarsenss or loss of voice
DO laryngoscopy if > 3 weeks
***GERD is mcc of chronic– but want to r/o CA
tx= supporitve
what is MCC of irreversible vision loss
macular degeneration
gradual painless loss of central vision
macular degen
+ metamrphopsia
WET macualr degeneration
- ** wavy or distorted vision measuring with the Amsler grid
- *curving of straight lines
difference b/w wet and dry mac degen
DRY– 85% cases
- progressive loss of vision
- atrophic changes with age— slow and gradual central vision loss–usally bilateral
CM
*drusen spots— yellow retinal deposits
*atrophy
____________________________
WET— central vision loss occuring rapidly– days to weeks– and is more severe— this leads to blindness
- metamorphopsia— curving of straight lines
- usually unilateral
CM
- neovascularization
- hemorrhages
- exudate
TX for dry and wet mac degen
BOTH= daily supplements of Zinc Oxide, Copper, Vit C, Vit E and Lutein/Zeaxanthin (Vit A)
WET
- intravitreal VEGF inhibitors—– Bevacizumab— helps decr new abnromal vessel formation
- Laser photocoagulation
Meniere Disease
Peripheral vertigo + low-frequency hearing loss aka sensorineural + tinittuis/ear fullness
MC adults 40-60
IDIOPATHIC
episodes last minutes to hours and decr with age
PE
- A > B
- weber will lateralize to unaffected side
TX
avoid triggers=== caffine, etoh
low sodium diet
Meds– diuretics (HCTZ + triamterene), histamine analogues, anticholinergic antiemetics
multiple polyps seen on exam— what do we think
cystic fibrosis
polyps look like tear drop shaped growths
Chronic congestion, decreased sense of smell
nasal polyps
tx for nasal polyps
- topical nasal corticos for 3 MO= initial tx of choice
* ***good for small ones and reduces need for surgery
OE
-rhinne test finding
B > A
**conductive hearing loss
tx for malignant OE in DM
-IV ABX bc of aspergillus
HD ciprofloxacin 6-8 weeks 1st line
causes for papilledema
malignant HTN brain tumor/abscess meningitis cerebral hemorrhage encephalitis
disc appears swollen, marigns blurred
INCR ICP*
Parotitis
mumps
parotitis
-tx
self limiting
vaccination
congatious for 9 days after onset
mcc of pharyngitis
viral
***adenovirus
+ heterophile agglutination test
monospot test
**EBV