Fluoride M11 Flashcards

1
Q

What three ways does fluoride work?

A
  1. Systemically - ingested
  2. Topically - coats teeth
  3. Assists - the plaque and saliva to re-mineralise the enamel.
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2
Q

What is enamel made up of?

A

Crystals

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3
Q

What are the constituents of enamel?

A

Calcium and phosphate

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4
Q

What are Calcium and phosphate in the form of when describing enamel?

A

Hydroxy-apatite crystals.

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5
Q

When Ion exchange takes place, what is Hydroxy-apatite converted to?

A

Fluor-apatite

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6
Q

Which is more resistant to acid attacks, Fluor-apatite or Hydroxy-apatite?

A

Fluor-apatite

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7
Q

What absorbs fluoride?

A

Calcium

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8
Q

Where does fluoride occur naturally?

A

some, water, fish and tea

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9
Q

What is the fluoride (supplement) dose recommended for those living in areas with less than 0.3ppm? 6months to 3 years?

A

0.25mgF

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10
Q

What is the fluoride (supplement) dose recommended for those living in areas with less than 0.3ppm? 6 years old +?

A

1.00mgF

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10
Q

What is the fluoride (supplement) dose recommended for those living in areas with less than 0.3ppm? 3-6 years old?

A

0.50mgF

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11
Q

If people live in areas with a fluoride level of 0.3-0.7, how much fluoride supplement should they have?

A

Half of the dose

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12
Q

When did fluoride toothpastes become widely available?

A

1970’s

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13
Q

For children aged 0-3 years, what concentration of fluoride should be in their toothpaste and how much should they use?

A

1000ppm and a smear

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14
Q

For children aged 3-6 years, what concentration of fluoride should be in their toothpaste and how much should they use?

A

1350-1500ppm and a pea sized amount

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15
Q

If a patient is water in your area is fluoridated or you are taking fluoride tablets (under 7yo) what concentration of fluoride should be used?

A

less than 600ppm

16
Q

Where water fluoridation is not possible, what alternatives have been found to be effective?

A

Fluoridated salt or fluoridated milk

17
Q

How many people world wide use fluoridated salts?

A

200 million (EU, central & South America, Caribbean)

18
Q

How is fluoridated gel applied to teeth?

A

in trays

19
Q

If a child takes an overdose of fluoride, what would you do?

A
  1. Find out how much
  2. Inform dentist/hospital
  3. Drink as much milk as possible (may cause sickness
  4. Attend hospital
  5. Write-up records
20
Q

What is the NFIC

A

Nation Fluoride Information Centre

21
Q

What is Fluoridation?

A

The addition of fluoride in the public water supply.

22
Q

When was The British Fluoride Society founded?

A

1969

23
Q

Fluoride in water works in which ways?

A

Systemically and topically

24
Q

What is the recommended/optimum level of fluoride?

A

one part of fluoride to every million parts of water - e.g. 1mg/litre

25
Q

Fluoridation is reported to reduce caries by at least…

A

65%

26
Q

Water fluoridation epidemiological studies show that fluoridated areas reduce the number of decayed, missing or filled teeth by…

A

2 teeth per child

27
Q

Water fluoridation increases the percentage of children totally caries free by…

A

15%

28
Q

How many studies did the York View include and what did it represent?

A

26, the best available evidence of the effectiveness of water flouridation

29
Q

What was the Knox report

A

116-page report in 1985, deeming fluoride to be safe and effective way of reducing dental decay