fluids/blood Flashcards
explain intracellular fluids
2/3 of total fluids
inside cell - intracellular compartment
where is the highest concentration of potassium
intracellular fluid
ex’s) of EXtracellular fluids
interstitial, intravascular
lymph, cerebrospinal, synovial
aqueous/vitreous,
endolymph, perilymph
pericardial, peritoneal, pleural
mild dehydration
2% loss, no symptoms
moderate dehydration
5-10% loss
headache, less urine, fatigue, dizziness, nausea
serious dehydration
10-15%
confusion
no urine
muscle cramps
electrolyte imbalance
what does aldosterone do
promote urinary reabsorption of Na+
reduces loss of water in urine
keeps water in
where is the thirst centre
hypothalamus
water and solute loss is affected by
aldosterone
atrial natriuretic peptide
antidiuretic hormone
hypertonic solution
water flows OUT
cell shrinks and dies
osmosis
diffusion involving water
molecules pass thru semi permeable membrane from low to high concentration
aquaporins
what causes edema
when too much water collects in the interstitial fluid
what do electrolytes do
control movement of substances
help maintain acid/base balance
carry electrical current
act as enzyme
what is an electrolyte
an ion forms when it dissolves and electrolytes have dissociated
conducts electrical current
how do we maintain pH
buffer systems
exhalation of CO2
kidneys excrete H+ or OH- in urine
what is pH
measurement of how acidic or basic a solution is
POTENTIALHYDROGEN
what is pH of blood
7.35-7.45
which cells have cell identity markers
white blood cells
what is erythropoietin
hormone produced in kidneys
regulates red blood cells
what cells release histamine
basophils
monocytes are
agranular
how does prothrombinase relate to hemostasis
helps form blood clot prothrombinase converts prothrombin into thrombin
ion in hemostasis require in making of prothrombinase into thrombin
Ca2+ calcium
what cells DO NOT have nucleus
RBC
components of blood and % of blood in elements
blood plasma 55%
formed elements 45%
what is a reticulocyte
immature red blood cell
most numerous types of blood cells
red blood cells
what does the kidney produce
erythropoetin
how does the kidney regulate blood cells
stimulates RBC precursor cells
other name for RBC
erythrocytes
another name for WBC
leukocytes
what do WBC do
protect against infection
what do RBC do
transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
what does a blood cell contain
hemoglobin
which leukocytes are granular
neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
which leukocytes are agranular
lymphocytes
monocytes
what leukocytes fight infection
lymphocytes
which leukocytes are effective against parasite worms
eosinophils
what do basophils later become
mast cells, release histamine
how long do RBCS live for
120 days
how long do platelets live for
5-9 days
process of clotting hemostasis
(VPB)
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting
universal blood donor type
O
types of embolisms and where they occur
pulmonary - pulmonary vein
coronary - coronary artery
cerebral - cerebral artery
no antigens - type O
antigen A - type A
antigen B - type B
antigen A&B - type AB
what do lymphocytes differentiate into
B&T cells
where is erythropoietin produced
kidneys
where is thrombopoietin produced
liver
where are cytokines produced
red bone marrow cells (stimulate WBC precursor cells)
