FINAL Flashcards
growth and stimulation is stimulated by what hormones
erythropoietin - KIDNEY
thrombopoietin - liver
cytokines - bone marrow
what is the major histocompatibility agent
specialized protein in plasma membrane
cell identity markers
process of hemostasis
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting
how does capillary exchange work
diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow
what is vascular resistance
the opposition of blood flow due to friction created between blood and the vessel walls
what does RAAS do
stimulate vasoconstriction, stimulate aldosterone secretion is reabsorbed and then increase in blood volume and blood pressure
basic definition of shock
failure of cardiovascular system to deliver enough O2 and nutrients
the two branches that come off coronary artery
anterior descending branch and circumflex branch
where does the hepatic portal vein take nutrient rich blood from the GI tract and shunts it to where?
liver
3 steps to capillary exchange
diffusion
transcytosis
bulk flow
innermost layer of all blood vessels is called ?
endothelium
which WBC are granular
neutrophils
basophils
eosinophils
what granular WBCS destroy bacteria and are the most common
neutrophils
which WBC release histamine &serotonin that intensify an inflammatory reaction
basophils
which WBC combat against worms and release histaminase to combat histamine in an allergic reaction
eosinophils
what is blood plasma made of
water, solutes
(proteins, electrolytes, gases, waste products)
hemostasis - 3 steps that stop bleeding
vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting
if blood type A, what type antibody
B
if type O what type anitbodies
no antibodies
AB antigens
describe capillaries in bone marrow
sinusoids
large pores, partial basement membrane
intercellular clefts
RBCs can fit through
found in red bone marrow
leaky walls
what do satellite cells do
surround cell body in the PNS
provide structural support
what is the type of conduction in unmyelinated axons
continuous conduction
what helps control BP? question on test
answer is NOT PULMONARY
stages of deep wound healing
inflammatory
migratory
proliferation
maturation
how does slow axonal transport work
speed is 1-5mm per day
carry materials from cell body to axon
ONE DIRECTION ONLY
what are the functional types of neurons and what do they do
sensory (afferent) - ascending, action potentials INTO
motor (efferent) - - descending - AWAY
interneuron (association) - one process - sensory for touch ext
what are the structural classifications of neurons
multipolar - several dendrites
bipolar - one main dendrite
unipolar - dendrite and axon fused together
what is myelin
multilayered lipid and protein that covers axons
increases speed of action potentials
what is bone tissue made of
extracellular matrix
15% water
30% collagen fibres
55% crystalized mineral salts
most abundant is calcium phosphate
what is the skeletal tissue made of
bone tissue & cartilage
what are fats oxidative - glycolytic muscle fibres
medium, dark red
lots of myoglobin
rich blood supply
moderate fatigue resistant
(walking, sprinting)
where action potentials arise
transverse tubules
terminal cistern
what is a neuromuscular junction
where a somatic nerve comes in contact with a muscle
propagates nerve impulses towards both end of muscle fibre
what is the epidermis made of
epithelial tissue
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
basale spinosum granulosum lucidum corneum
BSGLC
what is the dermis made of
dense irregular connective tissue that contains collagen, elastic fibres
has blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles
temp stability
prevents dehydration
what is the hypodermis made of
loose areolar CT and adipose tissue
contains pressure sensitive nerve endings
sudoriferous are
sweat glands
where can u find ligand gated channels & what do they do
resting membrane potential
chemicals like neurotransmitters or hormones stimulate channels to open
whats the innermost layer of a blood vessel called
tunica interna - touches lumen
how neurotransmitters are removed from the synaptic cleft
diffusion
enzymatic degration
re uptake by cells
what happens in the neuromuscular junction to create an action potential to create a muscle contraction
1) release of acetylcholine (Ca2+ flows into motor neuron)
2) activates acetylcholine receptors (Na+ enters muscle fibre)
3) produces an action potential (increase in Ca2+ starts contraction cycle)
4) acetylcholine actvity stops
what does vascular resistance depend on
diameter of blood vessel lumen
blood viscosity
blood vessel length
what helps venous return
skeletal muscle pump
respiratory pump
what helps control blood pressure
autoregulation
physical changes
chemical changes
what neuron has one main dendrite & one main neuron
bi polar
what is the endoplasmic reticulum called in a neuron
nissl bodies
what 2 pressures promote filtration
blood hydrostatic pressure
interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
what 2 pressures promote reabsorption
blood colloid osmotic pressure
interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
