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Sec 3 Science > fluids and respiratory system things > Flashcards

fluids and respiratory system things Flashcards

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1
Q

what are fluids?

A

fluids are substances that have no defined form and that can flow in all directions.

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2
Q

if a surface is smaller does it have less or more pressure?

A

more.

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3
Q

does temperature affect pressure in a gas?

A

yes it does.

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4
Q

what are the nasal cavities?

A

two chambers in your nose.

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5
Q

what is the pharynx? and what else is it called?

A

it is part of both the respiratory and digestive system because both air and food passes through it. it is also called the throat

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6
Q

what is the larynx?

A

it is made mostly of cartilage, it connects the pharynx to the trachea.

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7
Q

what is the trachea?

A

it’s a tube that connects to the larynx and bronchi. it’s located in front of the esophagus. It’s made of rings of cartilage to keep it open at all times.

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8
Q

what is the bronchi?

A

the trachea splits into two bronchi, one going towards the right lung and one going towards the left.

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9
Q

what are bronchioles?

A

the bronchi progressively split into smaller tubes, the bronchioles.

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10
Q

do gases have a defined volume?

A

no they do not.

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11
Q

does an increase in volume mean a decrease in pressure?

A

yes.

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12
Q

can the volume of liquids be reduced?

A

no

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13
Q

what are liquids?

A

incompressable fluids because their volume cannot be reduced.

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14
Q

what happens to the alveoli when we inhale?

A

they fill up with air.

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15
Q

what is the formula for pressure?

A

p=f/a (p=pressure) (f=force) (a=area)

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16
Q

what is cellular respiration?

A

cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert chemical energy from oxygen molecules

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17
Q

what is the main purpose of the respiratory system?

A

the respiratory system’s main job is to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases.

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18
Q

what happens when we inhale (specifically)?

A

oxygen enters our system and diffuses into the blood. co2 diffuses from the blood stream into the lungs, to then be exhaled.

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19
Q

what is diffusion?

A

diffusion is the net movement of anything from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

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20
Q

what are capilaries?

A

they are blood vessels that only have 1 row of cells so that they are thin enough so only 1 blood cell can go through at a time.

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21
Q

why do we have villi?

A

the villi are connected to the blood vessels so the circulating blood then carries these nutrients away. villi also increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls making available a greater surface area for absorption

22
Q

what do all of our cells absolutely need?

A

energy.

23
Q

what is the diaphram?

A

a sheet of muscle.

24
Q

what happens when we inhale? (detailed about pressure)

A

the volume in our lungs increases and the pressure decreases but the pressure becomes higher outside the lungs.

25
Q

what are hiccups?

A

a spasm of your diaphram.

26
Q

What happens when we exhale? (detailed)

A

the volume in our lungs decreases and the pressure increases but, the pressure outside the lungs becomes lower.

27
Q

if the temperature increases, does the pressure?

A

yes it does. the higher the temperature, the higher the pressure.

28
Q

does this apply to incompressable fluids, compressable or both? the pressure is greater in the bottom of the container holding the fluid.

A

incompressable fluids.

29
Q

why arent we crushsed by the air pressure?

A

because pressure strikes us evenly from all sides.

30
Q

sometimes a person’s ears become blocked during an airplane flight. which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

A

the higher the altitude, the weaker the air pressure. To compensate for this, the cabin pressure is raised as the airplane takes off and lowered as it lands. In spite of these adjustments, differences in pressure between the cabin and the inner ear still occur and may cause discomfort.

31
Q

the higher the altitude the ____ the atmospheric pressure.

A

lower

32
Q

is air a fluid? why or why not?

A

yes because it flows like all liquids and will take the shape of it’s container.

33
Q

how many liters of water should you drink a day?

A

2-3

34
Q

what provides the body with energy?

A

carbs, proteins, fats.

35
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

when your esophagus squeezes the food down.

36
Q

what helps with torn ligaments?

A

proteins.

37
Q

what does the larynx do?

A

it houses the vocal chords.

38
Q

what do the nasal cavities do?

A

they help keep your nose moist by making mucus.

39
Q

what is the function of cilia?

A

to move water relative to the cell. this process can result in the cell moving through the water.

40
Q

what is an incompressable fluid?

A

any liquid.

41
Q

what is a compressable fluid?

A

a gas.

42
Q

why are gases compressable fluids?

A

you can squeeze them into a smaller container since there’s more space between their particles.

43
Q

what are the 5 factors that influence presssure in a gas? and directly or inversly?

A

temperature (directly), volume (inversly), number of particles (directly), surface area (inversly) and force (directly)

44
Q

how does temperature affect pressure in a gas?

A

as the temperature goes up the particles move faster, resulting in more collisions.

45
Q

how does as volume affect pressure in a gas?

A

as the volume goes down you restrict the space for the particles so they bump into each other more.

46
Q

how does number of particles affect pressure in a gas?

A

the more particles you have, the more they colide.

47
Q

how does surface area affect pressure in a gas?

A

the pressure is distributed over the area. more area=less pressure. less area=more pressure.

48
Q

what is pressure?

A

it’s caused by the collision between particles. the more they collide, the more the pressure.

49
Q

what are the units for pressure?

A

pascals.

50
Q

what are the units for force?

A

newtons.

51
Q

what are the units for area?

A

meters squared.

Sec 3 Science (9 decks)

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