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Sec 3 Science > Cells, tissues etc. > Flashcards

Cells, tissues etc. Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many cells are there in the human body?

A

10 trillion.

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2
Q

What is the early stage of an embryo called?

A

Zygote.

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3
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A ‘blank slate’. A cell that has no assigned purpose, commonly found in umbilical cords.

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4
Q

What are the 3 main organelles?

A

Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus.

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5
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A

Allows substances to come in and out of the cell. Gives the cell shape.

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6
Q

What is the despcription of a cell membrane?

A

A thin skin that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment.

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7
Q

What is the function of a cytoplasm?

A

Allows substances to circulate inside the cell. Gives the cell shape.

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8
Q

What is the description of a cytoplasm?

A

It is a semi fluid material surrounding the organelles.

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9
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

Contains DNA. The control center of the cell.

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10
Q

What is the description of a nucleus?

A

Circular organelle located in the middle of the cell.

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11
Q

What are the 4 nitrogen bases?

A

Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine. (A, G, T, C is also acceptable.)

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12
Q

What are the 2 molecules on the sides of the DNA ladder?

A

Sugar and phosphate.

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13
Q

What are the pairs the nitrogen bases can form in?

A

A and T. C and G.

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14
Q

How many chromosone pairs does the average human have?

A

23.

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15
Q

If a human’s 23rd chromosone is ‘xx’ are they male or female?

A

Female.

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16
Q

If a human’s 23rd chromosone is ‘xy’ are they male or female?

A

Male.

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17
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

A

Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles and cardiac muscles.

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18
Q

What is the function of a skeletal muscle?

A

It holds the bones and muscles together.

19
Q

What is the function of a smooth muscle?

A

Making your hair stand on it’s end, digestive systems. Things you dont control first hand (ex. breathing).

20
Q

What is the function of a cardiac muscle?

A

It is the muscle for your heart. It has a unique structure.

21
Q

What is the nerve tissue made up of?

A

Neurons.

22
Q

How do cells reproduce?

A

Asexually. By splitting and making copies of themselves.

23
Q

What is the only cell that does not reproduce?

A

Neurons. Once you lose them, theyre gone.

24
Q

What is meiosis?

A

When cells perform a type of cell division that four reproductive cells that are genetically different.

25
Q

What is mitosis?

A

When the cells partake in asexual reproduction by splitting and making copies of themselves.

26
Q

What are reproductive cells also called?

A

Gametes.

27
Q

What does DNA coil up to form?

A

Chromozones.

28
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A

Muscle tissue, nerve tissue, Epithelial and connective tissues.

29
Q

What is cell cultures?

A

Cell culture is a process by which cells are reproduced outside the organism they come from. Cell cultures are used to develop vaccines and to create tissues like skin to treat severe burns.

30
Q

Where is DNA found?

A

In the nucleus.

31
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a segment of DNA.

32
Q

What does GMO stand for?

A

Genetically Modified Organisms.

33
Q

What is a GMO (Genetically Modified Organisms)?

A

GMO is a living organism whose genetic material has been modified by introducing new genes into its DNA, to obtain new characteristics.

34
Q

What is the first step in assisted reproduction?

A

Hormonal treatments.

35
Q

What is the second step in assisted reproduction?

A

artificial insemination

36
Q

What is the third step in assisted reproduction?

A

IVF

37
Q

What is the fourth step in assisted reproduction?

A

intracytoplasmic sperm injection

38
Q

Are you for or against Assisted Repdroduction? Why?

A

Against. These procedures are quite expensive and still might not work. The moral question of what to do with the leftover embryos is also posed. Not to mention the pain and complications that could happen.

39
Q

Are you for or against GMOs? Why?

A

For. There has been no research that has show GMOs are harmful to us. It is also more enjoyable for consumers when fruits such as grapes or oranges are modified to not include seeds. The farmers also make more profit from using GMOs.

40
Q

What is the epithelial tissue?

A

It is the tissue that goes with your skin. It also lines the inside of your stomach.

41
Q

How do you recognize the connective tissue?

A

Does it protect? Support? Connect?

42
Q

What is the muscle tissue?

A

The tissue found on muscles.

43
Q

Where are nerve tissue found?

A

In the brain, spinal cord and nerves.

Sec 3 Science (9 decks)

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