fluids and mostly cancer still Flashcards
EDEMA
Excess fluid in interstitial (intercellular) spaces or body cavities Depending upon its contents Transudates Exudates Depending upon its locations and extent Localized Organs Existing cavities Generalized
Transudates
fluid accumulations which are essentially salt and water (low protein, few cells)
what are the causes of transudates
CAUSES
- increase fluid volume
- increase (hydrostatic) pressure
- decrease plasma proteins (decrease oncotic pressure)
- Lymphatic blockage
increased fluid volume
fluid volume:
a) Kidney failure (retention of sodium)
- increase (hydrostatic) pressure with in the veins
a) Legs (prolonged standing);
b) Generalized (heart failure)
HYPERVOLEMIA
Excess water in extracellular space
Retention of water and Na – Congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, excessive fluid replacement
EDEMA: Increase in the interstitial fluid (local, generalized). Excess third space fluid may also be included in this definition
HYPOVOLEMIA
Deficit of body fluid volume.
Loss (including hemorrhage), reduced intake, loss into third space
Dehydration: Result of decreased extracellular fluid (or increased Na+ in relation to water – hypertonic condition)
Hemorrhage
Hemorrhage: Blood has escaped from blood vessels
Hematoma
Hematoma: Leaked blood enough to form a mass
benign vs malignant
bening will be painful, the same colour as the tissue, will grow slow in most cases.
malignant will be different colours- painless, grow quickly , will most likely spred
how we name it, why do we need to distinguishe, chemical presentation- ulcers…, paraneoplasmic - not normaly expressed, displasia, desmoplasia,
need to know
treatment of cancer
surgery, radiation- for radiosensitive tumors- shrink tumor fast exemple- on neck and stoping breathing, chemotherapy- drugs that destroy the cancer cells- destroys normal cells aswell, other- experimental
why do cancers occur
DNA damage,
preneoplasmic
precancer, example of displasia
preneoplasma
stage in the early development of cancer
