Fluids and Electrolites

Question 1

For every 100 glucose, how much do you correct Na? Gluce 800 NA 140

Answer 1

800 glucose - 800-700 = 100

140 + (7X1.8)

Question 2

CAUSES of low Na?

Answer 2

Hypovolemia, SIADH, Hypothyroid

Question 3

Causes of high Na?

Answer 3

Hypoveolemia, DI, Hyperthyroid

Question 4

SXS of high or low sodium?

Answer 4

Coma, seizure
hypo= cerebral edema
hyper = neuronal dehydrated

Question 5

Na hypo/hyper tx?

Answer 5

NS

Question 6

Fast Hydration with rapid rise with NA is called?

Answer 6

Central pontine myelinolysis

Question 7

Central pontine myelinolysis sxs

Answer 7

demyelinate of pons axons

Question 8

hyperkalemia causes

Answer 8

Renal failure, Rhabdo, Spironolactone, ACEs

Question 9

hypokalemia causes

Answer 9

GI loss (V/D), Furosomide, HCTZ

Question 10

potassium levels?

Answer 10

3.5-5

Question 11

Dues hypo or Hyper kalemia kill?

Answer 11

Hyperkalemia Kills = Peaked T waves

Question 12

ECG of hypokalemia?

Answer 12

Flat T waves, U wave, ST depression: TU complex

Question 13

Hypo magnesium is associated with what electrolyte is?

Answer 13

Hypokalemia

Question 14

ECG of hyperkalemia?

Answer 14

Peaked T, Wide QRS

Question 15

Hyperkalemia, cough and angioedema, AKI if Cr >3

Answer 15

ACE SE

Question 16

Hyperkalemia tx?

Answer 16

1) Calcium- Stabilize membrane

2) insulin, bicarb, albuterol, furosemide

Question 17

Hypokalemia tx?

Answer 17

1st Oral, then IV Potassium

Question 18

Ascending weakness is due to? & Low DTR (like MS)

Answer 18

Hypokalemia - ascending Paralysis

Question 19

Addisons electrolytes is?

Answer 19

hyponatremia and hyperkalemia - high K for Kennidy + Hyperpigmented

Question 20

High NA and low K with HTN is due to what disease?

Answer 20

Hyperaldosterone (renin)

Conn’s syndrome

Question 21

Spironolactone blocks…

Answer 21

Aldosterone

Question 22

Hypercalcemia is false due to what things?

Answer 22

protien binding

Question 23

Hypercalcemia is due to

Answer 23

hyperparathyroid - PTH or cancer

Question 24

Hypocalcemia is due to

Answer 24

hypoparathyroid - iatrogenic, VitD deficiency , renal failure

Question 25

hypocalcemia is due to

Answer 25

hyper phosphate

Question 26

short QT segment is due to?

Answer 26

Hyper Calcemia

Question 27

Hyper Calcemia

Answer 27

bones, stones, abdominal moans, psych groans - nerves are depressed.

Question 28

Does hypercalcemia compete with Na?

Answer 28

Yes, to get into the cells

Question 29

hypercalcemia tx?

Answer 29

1) NS + Furosimide = Emergency.

2) Bisphosnonate, calcitonin

Question 30

Hypocalcemia ECG?

Answer 30

Prolonged QT