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NUR 113 > Fluid & Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid & Electrolytes Flashcards

0
Q

Found outside the cells

A

Extracellular

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1
Q

Found within the cells of the body

A

Intracellcular

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2
Q

Intravascular- plasma

Interstitial- fluid surrounding cells

A

Extracellular fluid

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3
Q

Sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate

A

Extracellular

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4
Q

Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate
Sulfate

A

Intracellular

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5
Q

: GI hyperactivity, diarrhea, irritability, apathy, confusion, cardiac dysrhythmias or arrest, muscle weakness, areflexia, paresthesias

A

Hyperkalemia

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6
Q

muscle weakness, leg cramps, anorexia, N&V, decreased GI mobility, cardiac arrythmias, depressed deep tendon reflexes

A

Hypokalemia

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7
Q

fatigue, restlessness, decreased LOC, disoriented, convulsions, low grade fever, thirst, weakness

A

Hypernatremia

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8
Q

: Lethargy, confusion, muscle twitching, N&V, headache, abd cramps
Seizures

A

Hyponatremia

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9
Q

D5W/ half NS
3% NS
D10W NS

A

Hypertonic

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10
Q 
D5W
 0.9 %NS, 
lactated ringers
 (never give a head trauma pt lactated ringers b/c it can cause cerebral edema
Fluid loss/dehydration/ shock/DKA
A

Isotonic

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11
Q

0.45% NS

A

Hypotonic

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12
Q 
Prolonged fever
Watery diarrhea
Renal failure 
Hyperglycemia
Elevated serum osmolality
Elevated serum sodium
A

Causes of dehydration

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13
Q 
Acute intestinal obstruction 
Sure peritonitis 
Burns 
Heart failure 
Pleural infusion 
Liver failure
A

Third Spacing

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14
Q 
Normal or high serum sodium 
Decreased Hg or HCT 
Elevated BUN and creatinine 
Increased urine specific gravity 
Increased serum osmolality
A

Hypovolemia

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15
Q

Isotonic fluid
Normal saline
Lactated ringers

A

Hypovolemia

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16
Q

Avoid hypertonic
Low sodium
D5W
0.45% normal saline

A

Dehydration

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17
Q

Excess of Isotonic water and sodium in Extracellular compartment

Shift from interstitial space into the intravascular space

A

Hypervolemia

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18
Q 
Low HCT
Normal sodium 
Low potassium and BUN
Decreased serum osmolality 
Pulmonary congestion
A

Hypervolemia

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19
Q

D5W/0.45% normal saline
3% Normal Saline
D5W/Ringers Lactate

A

Hypertonic

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20
Q

Causes the kidneys to retain water, dilutes normalizes serum osmolality

A

ADH

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21
Q

Excessive release of ADH

Causes inappropriate and excessive water retention and sodium excretion

A

SIADH

22
Q 
Chocolate 
Dried fruit, nuts, seeds 
Oranges, bananas, avocados, apricots, cantaloupes 
Meats 
Vegetable, beans, potatoes, mushroom
Tomatoes, celery
A

Potassium

23
Q 
Severe GI loss from suction 
Prolonged vomiting 
Diarrhea 
Laxative abuse 
Fistula 
Severe diaphoresis
A

Hypokalemia

24
Q 
Arrhythmias 
Cardiac arrest 
Digoxin toxicity 
Muscle paralysis 
Paralytic ileum 
Respiratory arrest
A

Hypovolemia

25
Q 
S-skeletal muscle weakness 
U- U wave
C- constipation 
T- toxic effect from digoxin
I- irregular, weak pulse 
O- orthostatic hypotension 
N- numbness paresthesias
A

Hypokalemia

26
Q

May weaken or paralyze respiratory muscles

A

Hypokalemia

27
Q 
Flaccid skeletal paralysis 
Deep tendon reflexes 
GI hyperactivity 
N/D abdm cramping 
Tall T-wave
A

Hyperkalemia

28
Q 
Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes 
Weakness, muscle cramping 
Rapid heart beat 
Tremors, vertigo 
Ataxia, depression
Altered mental status 
Seizures 
Tetany
\+ Trousseas/Chovostek
Respiratory difficulties
A

Hypomagnesia

29
Q 
R-reflexes decreased 
E- EKG changes (bradycardia/ hypotension)
N- nausea and vomiting 
A- appearance flushed 
L- lethargy/ drowsiness- coma
Respiratory arrest 
Calcium Gluconate treatment
A

Hypermagnesemia

30
Q

Absent patellar reflex

Levels higher than 7

A

Hypermagnesia

31
Q 
Canned salmon/sardines
Dairy products 
Green, leafy vegetables 
Legumes 
Molasses 
Nuts 
Whole grains
A

Calcium

32
Q 
\+ Trousseau/ Chvostek 
Muscle cramps/severe tetany 
Seizures/ psychosis 
Hypotension/decreased CO
Numbness tingling around mouth 
Ventricular dysthymias 
Hyperactive reflexes
A

Hypocalcemia

33
Q 
Anorexia N/S
Sinus arrest 
Ileus
Lethargy/weakness 
Bone pain
A

Hypercalcemia

34
Q 
Drowsiness
Disorientation 
Dizziness/headache 
Decreased B/P 
Hypoventilation
A

Respiratory acidosis

35
Q 
Drowsiness confusion 
Headache/coma
Decreased B/P 
N/V/D abdominal pain 
Hyperventilation
A

Metabolic acidosis

36
Q 
Lethargic/confusion 
Tachycardia 
N/V/epi gastric pain 
Tetany 
Numbness tingling to extremities 
Seizures 
Hyperventilating
A

Respiratory alkalosis

37
Q 
Drowsiness/nervousness
Dizziness
Tachycardia/ dysthymias 
A/N/V 
Hypoventilation
Tetany/muscle cramps/ tingling ext
Seizures
A

Metabolic alkalosis

38
Q 
Diuretics 
Excessive vomiting/suctioning 
Hyperaldostsronism 
Ingestion of excess sodium bicarbonate 
Massive trasnsfusion of whole blood
A

Metabolic Alkalosis

39
Q 
DM/disbetic ketoacidosis
Excessive ASA use 
High fat diet 
Malnutrition 
Severe diarrhea 
Renal disease
A

Metabolic Acidosis

40
Q 
Fever 
Hyperventilation 
Hypoxia 
Hysteria 
Overventilation 
Pain
A

Respiratory Alkalosis

41
Q 
Asthma 
Pneumonia
CNS depressants 
Bronchitis 
Pulmonary edema 
Emphysema
A

Respiratory Acidosis

42
Q

stimulated by intracellular dehydration and decreased blood volume.

A

Thirst

43
Q 
Rapid, shallow respirations 
Low pH 
Hypercarbia
Increase in blood  CO2 
Hypoxemia
Hyperkalemia
A

Respiratory acidosis

44
Q 
Increase respiratory rate and depth 
Increase of pH
"Blow" off CO2
Alveolar hyperventilation 
Hypocapnia
A

Respiratory alkalosis

45
Q

Fluid leaks from vein into surrounding tissue
Coolness at site
Pain, swelling, leaking, lack of blood return
Stop, infusion, remove IV, elevate extremity, apply warm soaks

A

Infiltration

46
Q

Tenderness, erythemia, warmth

Harshness upon palpation

A

Infection

47
Q

Inflammation of vein
Pain, redness, swelling or i duration of site
Redline streaking along the vein

A

Phlebitis

48
Q

Leakage of fluid into the surrounding tissues
Medications seep through veins and produce blistering
Discomfort, burning, pain at site
Skin tightness, blanching
Lack Of blood return

A

Extravasation

49
Q

The pH is decreased

HCO3 Is decreased

A

Metabolic acidosis

50
Q

pH is elevated

HCO3 is elevated

A

Metabolic alkalosis

51
Q

Rapid breathing

Example of a mechanism by which pH is raised

A

Hyperventilation

52
Q

Causes the body to retain CO2 which is then available to form carbonic acid reducing the pH and make blood more acidic

A

Hypoventilation.

NUR 113 (9 decks)

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