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ACP Precourse Study > Fluid And Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluid And Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of an electrolyte?

A

A substance capable of dissociating into ions and which in a solution will conduct electrical current.

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2
Q

What is a solute?

A

The substance/compound that is dissolved in a solution

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3
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The liquid in which another substance is dissolved in to form a solution.

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4
Q

What percentage of the body weight is fluid in adults and in children?

A

60% in adults

80% in children

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5
Q

What percentage of water is intracellular and extracellular?

A

66% intracellular

33% extracellular

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6
Q

What 2 categories is extracellular divided into?

A

Intravascular and interstitial

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7
Q

How much total volume of fluid in the body is interstitial and intervascular?

A

25% interstitial 8% intervascular

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8
Q

What separates fluid spaces in the body?

A

Permeable and semi permeable membranes

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9
Q

Is diffusion an active or passive transport system?

A

Passive

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10
Q

What is the term for diffusion of water?

A

Osmosis

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11
Q

What is osmotic pressure?

A

The amount of pressure that would be required to prevent the movement of water across a gradient.

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12
Q

What determines osmotic pressure?

A

The amount of particles of solute on the more concentrated side.

*The greater the concentration of solutes the more “pull” there will be to draw water through the membrane and therefore greater pressure required to prevent that.

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13
Q

What is the term for moving substances against the concentration gradient?

A

Active transport

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14
Q

What are the 4 main ways the body loses fluid?

A

Urine, sweat, breathing, GI tract.

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15
Q

What is the basic daily minimum for fluid intake?

A

2500ml

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16
Q

Do infant need more or less fluid, and why?

A

More fluid intake is required because,

Larger surface area related to mass

increased metabolic rate

Kidneys are not as efficent

Smaller fluid reserve

17
Q

What percentage of NaCl will stay in the intravascular space in fluid resuscitation?

A

33%

18
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for control of antidiuretic hormone?

A

The pituitary

19
Q

What does antidiuretic hormone (Vasopressin) do?

A

ADH is released from the pituitary and effects the kidney causing an increase water retention in the kidneys.

Effects on DCT and collecting ducts of kidney

Vasoconstriction

20
Q

What are some clinical signs of volume depletion?

A

Poor skin tugor, dry mucus membranes, increased body temp, decreased blood pressure, tachycardia, skin colour.

20
Q

Where does aldosterone come from?

A

The adrenal cortex

20
Q

What does aldosterone do?

A

Increases the amount of sodium retained in kidneys

Particularly the distal nephron

20
Q

What are some signs of volume depletion in children/infants?

A

Sunken eyes, sunken fontanel, low grade fever, altered mental status, limp tone

20
Q

What is the physiologic role of electrolytes?

A

Transmission of electric current in a solution.

21
Q

What is the main cation in the intracellular fluid?

A

Cation- Potassium

21
Q

What is the main cation and anion in the extracellular fluid?

A

Cation - Sodium

Anion- Chloride

22
Q

What are some signs of hypernatremia?

A

Extreme muscle irritability, dry mucus membranes, flushed skin, thirst

23
Q

What are some signs of hyponatremia?

A

Lethargy, muscle weakness, decreased urinary output, mental confusion

24
Q

What are the effects of hyperkalemia on cardiac tissue?

A

Peaked T-waves, flattening of P-waves, QRS widening, slowing of HR, heart blocks, weakening of cardiac contractility.

25
Q

What are the effects of hypokalemia on cardiac tissue?

A

Cardiac excitability, tachycardia, ectopy

ACP Precourse Study (11 decks)

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