Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major endocrine glands?

A

Pituitary

Thyroid

Parathyroid

Thymus

Islets of langerhans

Adrenal

Testis

Ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an endocrine gland?

A

endocrine glands are ductless glands which secret hormones into the blood stream.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are hormones responsible for?

A

Hormones are the secretions that function to maintain homeostasis by changing physiological activities of cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a mixed gland?

A

A gland which has both endocrine, as well as exocrine functions. The exocrine function has ducts through which its secretions pass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a double gland?

Give one example

A

A gland that has 2 parts that differ in their embryological derivation, nature of hormones release and mechanism of neural control.

Pituitary and adrenal are examples.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the function of the pituitary gland?

ANTERIOR and POSTERIOR

A

ANTERIOR
Growth hormone
Thyroid stimulating hormone
Adrenal cortex stimulating hormone
Sex gland stimulating hormone
Mammary gland stimulating hormone

POSTERIOR
Oxytocin
Vasopressin (Antidiuretic hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the pituitary gland located?

A

It lies in the Sella turcica (Sphenoid bone in the base of the skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the thyroid gland located?

A

Situated blow the larynx and upper part of the trachea. Lies infront of the second, third and fourth tracheal rings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the main control of the thyroid gland?

A

Releases thyroxine to control metabolic rate of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

On top of the kidneys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What 2 parts make up the adrenal glands?

A

Adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex?

A

Glucocorticoids

Mineral corticoids

Androgens (Male sex hormone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?

A

Adrenalin (Epinephrine)

Noradrenalin (Norepinephrine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the pancreatic islets?

A

Clumps of cells located in the pancreas.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the endocrine secretions of the pancreas? (Hormone released)

A

Insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the BETA cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Insulin.

17
Q

What do the ALPHA cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon

18
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Synthesis of glucose from non carbohydrate substances

19
Q

What is type 1 diabetes?

A

No insulin production

20
Q

What is type 2 diabetes?

A

Resistance to normal of elevated levels of insulin. Related to decrease of insulin receptors on the cell membrane.

21
Q

What occurs with electrolyte during DKA?

A

Electrolytes such as Na+ and K+ are decreased due to osmotic diuresis.

22
Q
A