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ACP Precourse Study > Acid Base Balance > Flashcards

Acid Base Balance Flashcards

1
Q

What is PH?

A

PH is the measure of HYDROGEN. Acidity is high hydrogen, alkalinity is low hydrogen.

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2
Q

What are the 3 main systems that eliminate hydrogen?

A

Respiratory

Chemical Buffer system

Renal

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3
Q

What is the quickest- slowest systems to deal with excess hydrogen?

A

Chemical buffer system

Respiratory system

Renal system

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4
Q

What are the 4 buffer systems?

A

Bicarbonate buffer

Phosphate buffer

Protein buffer

Hemoglobin buffer

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5
Q

What is the main buffer system?

A

Bicarbonate buffer system

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6
Q

Is there more bicarbonate or carbonic acid in the body?

A

More bicarbonate.

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7
Q

What does the term volatile indicate?

A

It indicates it can be breathed off: excreted as gas.

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8
Q

What is the main end product of metabolism and how is it negated?

A

CO2 is the main end product.

CO2 diffuses out of cells through the interstitial fluid into blood.

It then forms carbonic acid (H2CO3)

Can then stay H2CO3, or become HCO3 + H (depending on current pH)

Is then transported to lungs and expelled as H2O and CO2

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9
Q

What is the respiratory reaction to excess acid (H+ ions)?

A

Increase resp rate

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10
Q

What are the lungs reaction for retention of acid?

A

Decrease resp rate/tidal volume. Retain more CO2

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11
Q

Why can’t the respiratory center alone restore pH balance?

A

The stimulus for increase respiration stops around pH 7.30.

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12
Q

What are some common causes of Metabolic ACIDOSIS

A

Diabetes
Starvation or carbohydrate reduced diet
Extreme exercise
Severe diarrhea (loss of HCO3)
Renal failure
Cardiac arrest
Acute alcohol intoxication
Salicylate overdose
Shock

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13
Q

What are some common causes of metabolic ALKALOSIS?

A

Excessive sodium bicarbonate administration

Prolonged volume depletion (excessive diuretic use)

Prolonged vomiting

Gastric suctioning

Hyperaldostonism

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14
Q

What are some causes of respiratory ACIDOSIS?

A

Lung disease with impaired gaze exchange (COPD, pneumonia)

Barbiturate overdose

Narcotic overdose

Head injury with damage to brainstem

Any condition with hypoventilation

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15
Q

What are some causes of respiratory ALKALOSIS?

A

Salicylate overdose (early stages - stimulation of resp center chasing loss of CO2)

High fever

Hysteria/voluntary over breathing

Overventilation

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16
Q

What is metabolic acidosis?

A

An acid base imbalance caused by increase in acid from a metabolic process or the loss of bicarbonate.

17
Q

What is metabolic alkalosis?

A

An acid base disturbance resulting from the increase in bicarbonate, or the loss of fixed acids in the body.

18
Q

What is respiratory acidosis?

A

An acid base disturbance associated with increase in carbonic acid (H2CO3) concentration.

Increased H2CO3 indicates that CO2 is not being blown off through the respiratory system.

19
Q

What is respiratory alkalosis?

A

An acid base disturbance associated with decrease in carbonic acid (H2CO3).

Decrease H2CO3 indicates removal of too much CO2 through the respiratory system causing alkalosis.

20
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Starvation

A

Metabolic acidosis due to increased ketone production.

21
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Severe diarrhea

A

Metabolic Acidosis due to loss of bicarbonate ions.

22
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Cardiac arrest

A

Metabolic acidosis due to lactic acid

23
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

COPD

A

Respiratory Acidosis due to impaired gas exchange and retention of CO2.

24
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Severe pneumonia

A

Respiratory acidosis due to impaired gas exchange.

25
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Barbituate overdose

A

Respiratory acidosis due to decrease in ventilation

26
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Prolonged volume depletion due to diuretic use

A

Metabolic alkalosis due excretion of H+ ion in urine

27
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Prolonged vomiting

A

Metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric acid

28
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

High fever

A

Respiratory alkalosis due to stimulation of the respiratory center and loss of CO2

29
Q

What would the following cause respiratory or metabolic, acidosis or alkalosis?

Hyperventilation

A

Respiratory alkalosis due to loss of CO2

30
Q

If ph decreases, and pCO2 increases what kind of acid base disturbance is happening?

A

Respiratory acidosis

31
Q

If pH decreases and pCO2 decreases what type of acid base balance issue is occurring?

A

Metabolic acidosis

ACP Precourse Study (11 decks)

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