Fluid And Electrolyte Balance Quiz

Question 1

Hyperaldosteronism caused by a tumor in the adrenal cortex can result in hyponatremia

Answer 1

False

Increased aldosterone secretion results in an increase in sodium reabsorption by the kidneys. They generally cause an isotonic increase in sodium and water resulting in fluid overload, or in some cases hyponatremia if there is more sodium than water reabsorption

Question 2

Which of the following is an effect of increased antideuretic hormone secretion?

Answer 2

Decreased plasma osmolarity

Increased ADH secretion results in pure water reabsorption by the kidneys. Low plasma sodium and low plasma osm

Question 3

How does the body immediately attempt to reestablish equilibrium when sodium is added to ECF making it hypertonic

Answer 3

Water is drawn from the ICF space to the extracellular space

Question 4

Which of the following conditions are common causes by hyponatremia in North America

Answer 4

Protracted vomiting
Excessive oral water intake

Gastric fluid has a significant amt of sodium in it therefore protracted vomiting or gastric suction can cause hyponatremia

Question 5

Hypokalemia causes the cell membrane to become more negative (hyperpolarizedd), thus delaying the action potential (firing) of the cell

Answer 5

True

A deficit in K in cells causes a decrease in the cells MV

Question 6

Signs and symptoms of dehydration due to insufficient water intake include

Answer 6

Decreased BP
Decreased urine output
Decreased skin turgor

Question 7

Why is severe hyponatremia immediately life threatening

Answer 7

Due to neuronal swelling in the brain

Question 8

Which of the following conditions has the potential to cause hypokalemia

Answer 8

Severe, prolonged diarrhea

Electrolytes such as K are absorbed in the large intestine. Renal failure results in hyperkalemia since the kidneys are responsible for exerting potassium

Question 9

Which of the following conditions have the potential to cause hyperkalemia

Answer 9

Crushed limb trauma
Insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes
Renal failure

Hyperkalemia can be caused by factors that decrease K excretion or cause the translocation of K from ICF to the ECF. Since kidneys excrete K, renal failure can quickly result in hyperkalemia

Question 10

A person with severe dehydration will also generally present with

Answer 10

Hypernatremia

Dehydration caused by pure water intake or water loss can result in an increase plasma sodium concentrations or hypernatremia