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Theoretical Foundations of Nursing > Florence Nightingale: Environmental Theory > Flashcards

Florence Nightingale: Environmental Theory Flashcards

1
Q

When was Florence Nightingale born?

A

May 12, 1820

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2
Q

Where was Florence Nightingale born?

A

Florence, Italy

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3
Q

What did she do in 1851?

A

She trained in nursing at Kaiserwerth, Germany.

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4
Q

What war broke out in 1854?

A

Crimean War - Russia vs. Turkey

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5
Q

People in England heard that soldiers in hospitals were _________.

A

poorly treated

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6
Q

On October 21, 1854, Florence was invited to take a group of __ female nurses to work in hospitals in the Crimea.

A

38

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7
Q

What influenced her philosophy?

A

Her service during the Crimean War, treating sick and injured soldiers.

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8
Q

In November 1854, Nightingale reorganized patient care due to:

A
  • Insufficient medicines
  • Poor hygiene
  • Infections
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9
Q

How many soldiers died on her first winter in Scutari?

A

4,077

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10
Q

There were more deaths due to _____ than from battlefield wounds.

A

infections

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11
Q

Where did the infections that killed the soldiers come from?

A
  • dirt
  • damp
  • drains
  • drink
  • diet
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12
Q

What was Florence Nightingale’s nickname?

A

The Lady with the Lamp

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13
Q

In March 1855, ______ were flushed; ________ was improved.

A

sewers; ventilation

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14
Q

When did Britain send the Sanitary Commission to Scutari?

A

March 1855

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14
Q

In March 1855, death rates were ______.

A

reduced

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15
Q

When did the war finish?

A

1856

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16
Q

What did Florence want to improve?

A

The hospitals in her country.

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17
Q

In 1856, conditions in hospitals began to _______.

A

improve

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18
Q

What did Nightingale publish in 1860?

A

Notes on Nursing

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19
Q

She was considered the first _______.

A

“nursing theorist”

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20
Q

Information on her theory has been obtained through the _____________.

A

interpretation of her writings

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21
Q

In 1860, ______________ opened at Saint Thomas’ Hospital in London.

A

Nightingale School and Home for Nurses

22
Q

What were the awards of Florence Nightingale?

A
  • 1883 Royal Red Cross
  • 1907 Order of Merit.
23
Q

Nightingale was bedridden in 1896 because of ____________.

A

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

24
Q

What did Nightingale pioneer?

A

The field of Hospital Planning

25
Q

When did Nightingale die?

A

August 13, 1910

26
Q

Where is Nightingale’s grave?

A

St. Margaret’s Church, East Wellow, Great Britain

27
Q

Florence is remembered today as the person responsible for ______________________.

A

improving conditions in hospitals and making nursing an acceptable job

28
Q

What is the strongest influence of Florence Nightingale?

A
  • Education
  • Observation
  • Hands-on experience
29
Q

What is the theory basis of Nightingale’s Nursing Theory?

A

The inter-relationship of a healthful environment with nursing.

30
Q

What is the theory goal of Nightingale’s Nursing Theory?

A

Nurses help patients retain their own vitality by meeting their basic needs through control of the environment.

31
Q

The Nursing’s Focus of Nightingale’s Nursing Theory is:

A

Control of the environment for individuals, families & the community

32
Q

The three types of environment are:

A
  1. Physical
  2. Psychological
  3. Social
33
Q

Consists of physical elements where the patient is being treated.

A

Physical Environment

34
Q

It affects all other aspects of the environment.

A

Physical Environment

35
Q

Cleanliness of the environment relates directly to _____________.

A

disease prevention and patient mortality

36
Q

Characteristics of the Physical Environment:

A
  • Ventilation
  • Warmth
  • Cleanliness
  • Light
  • Noise
  • Drainage
37
Q

Providing a positive stress-free surrounding.

A

Psychological Environment

38
Q

Involves communication with the person, about the person, and other people.

A

Psychological Environment

39
Q

The psychological environment can be affected by a negative physical environment which then causes _____.

A

stress

40
Q

Examples of various activities to keep the mind active are:

A
  • Manual work
  • Appealing food
  • A pleasing environment
41
Q

It involves collecting data about illness and disease prevention.

A

Social Environment

42
Q

It consists of a person’s home or hospital room, as well as the total community that affects the patient’s specific environment.

A

Social environment

43
Q

Stress-free surroundings

A

Social Environment

44
Q

The 5 Major Components of a Healthful Environment:

A
  1. Proper ventilation
  2. Adequate light
  3. Sufficient warmth
  4. Control of noise
  5. Control of effluvia (noxious odors)
45
Q

Nightingale’s 13 Canons:

A
  1. Health of Houses
  2. Ventilation and warming
  3. Light
  4. Noise
  5. Variety
  6. Bed and Bedding
  7. Cleanliness of rooms
  8. Personal Cleanliness
  9. Taking Food
  10. What food?
  11. Chattering Hopes and Advices
  12. Observation of the sick
  13. Petty management
46
Q

Metaparadigm in Nursing:

A

Nursing
Health
Environment
Person

47
Q

Aims to provide fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and proper diet; facilitates a person’s reparative by ensuring the best possible environment.

A

Nursing

48
Q

Maintaining well-being by using a person’s powers to the fullest extent; disease is viewed as a reparative process instituted by nature. Maintained by controlling environmental factors to prevent disease; a nurse helps the person through the healing process.

A

Health

49
Q

Comprises the external conditions and forces that affect one’s life and development. Everything from a person’s food to a nurse’s verbal and nonverbal interactions with the person.

A

Environment

50
Q

The patient, a human being acted upon by a nurse or affected by the environment who has reparative powers.

A

Person

51
Q

It is within the patient’s power as long as a safe environment for recuperation exists.

A

Recovery

52
Q

Nightingale’s 11 Assumptions:

A
  1. Nursing is separate from medicine.
  2. Nurses should be trained.
  3. The environment is important in nursing.
  4. The disease process is not important to nursing.
  5. Nursing should support the environment to assist the patient in healing.
  6. Research should be utilized through observation and empirics to define the nursing discipline.
  7. Nursing is both an empirical science and an art.
  8. Nursing’s concern is with the person in the environment.
  9. The person is interacting with the environment.
  10. Sick and well are governed by the same laws of health.
  11. The nurse should be observant and confidential.

Theoretical Foundations of Nursing (6 decks)

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