Florence Nightingale: Environmental Theory Flashcards
When was Florence Nightingale born?
May 12, 1820
Where was Florence Nightingale born?
Florence, Italy
What did she do in 1851?
She trained in nursing at Kaiserwerth, Germany.
What war broke out in 1854?
Crimean War - Russia vs. Turkey
People in England heard that soldiers in hospitals were _________.
poorly treated
On October 21, 1854, Florence was invited to take a group of __ female nurses to work in hospitals in the Crimea.
38
What influenced her philosophy?
Her service during the Crimean War, treating sick and injured soldiers.
In November 1854, Nightingale reorganized patient care due to:
- Insufficient medicines
- Poor hygiene
- Infections
How many soldiers died on her first winter in Scutari?
4,077
There were more deaths due to _____ than from battlefield wounds.
infections
Where did the infections that killed the soldiers come from?
- dirt
- damp
- drains
- drink
- diet
What was Florence Nightingale’s nickname?
The Lady with the Lamp
In March 1855, ______ were flushed; ________ was improved.
sewers; ventilation
When did Britain send the Sanitary Commission to Scutari?
March 1855
In March 1855, death rates were ______.
reduced
When did the war finish?
1856
What did Florence want to improve?
The hospitals in her country.
In 1856, conditions in hospitals began to _______.
improve
What did Nightingale publish in 1860?
Notes on Nursing
She was considered the first _______.
“nursing theorist”
Information on her theory has been obtained through the _____________.
interpretation of her writings
In 1860, ______________ opened at Saint Thomas’ Hospital in London.
Nightingale School and Home for Nurses
What were the awards of Florence Nightingale?
- 1883 Royal Red Cross
- 1907 Order of Merit.
Nightingale was bedridden in 1896 because of ____________.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
What did Nightingale pioneer?
The field of Hospital Planning
When did Nightingale die?
August 13, 1910
Where is Nightingale’s grave?
St. Margaret’s Church, East Wellow, Great Britain
Florence is remembered today as the person responsible for ______________________.
improving conditions in hospitals and making nursing an acceptable job
What is the strongest influence of Florence Nightingale?
- Education
- Observation
- Hands-on experience
What is the theory basis of Nightingale’s Nursing Theory?
The inter-relationship of a healthful environment with nursing.
What is the theory goal of Nightingale’s Nursing Theory?
Nurses help patients retain their own vitality by meeting their basic needs through control of the environment.
The Nursing’s Focus of Nightingale’s Nursing Theory is:
Control of the environment for individuals, families & the community
The three types of environment are:
- Physical
- Psychological
- Social
Consists of physical elements where the patient is being treated.
Physical Environment
It affects all other aspects of the environment.
Physical Environment
Cleanliness of the environment relates directly to _____________.
disease prevention and patient mortality
Characteristics of the Physical Environment:
- Ventilation
- Warmth
- Cleanliness
- Light
- Noise
- Drainage
Providing a positive stress-free surrounding.
Psychological Environment
Involves communication with the person, about the person, and other people.
Psychological Environment
The psychological environment can be affected by a negative physical environment which then causes _____.
stress
Examples of various activities to keep the mind active are:
- Manual work
- Appealing food
- A pleasing environment
It involves collecting data about illness and disease prevention.
Social Environment
It consists of a person’s home or hospital room, as well as the total community that affects the patient’s specific environment.
Social environment
Stress-free surroundings
Social Environment
The 5 Major Components of a Healthful Environment:
- Proper ventilation
- Adequate light
- Sufficient warmth
- Control of noise
- Control of effluvia (noxious odors)
Nightingale’s 13 Canons:
- Health of Houses
- Ventilation and warming
- Light
- Noise
- Variety
- Bed and Bedding
- Cleanliness of rooms
- Personal Cleanliness
- Taking Food
- What food?
- Chattering Hopes and Advices
- Observation of the sick
- Petty management
Metaparadigm in Nursing:
Nursing
Health
Environment
Person
Aims to provide fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and proper diet; facilitates a person’s reparative by ensuring the best possible environment.
Nursing
Maintaining well-being by using a person’s powers to the fullest extent; disease is viewed as a reparative process instituted by nature. Maintained by controlling environmental factors to prevent disease; a nurse helps the person through the healing process.
Health
Comprises the external conditions and forces that affect one’s life and development. Everything from a person’s food to a nurse’s verbal and nonverbal interactions with the person.
Environment
The patient, a human being acted upon by a nurse or affected by the environment who has reparative powers.
Person
It is within the patient’s power as long as a safe environment for recuperation exists.
Recovery
Nightingale’s 11 Assumptions:
- Nursing is separate from medicine.
- Nurses should be trained.
- The environment is important in nursing.
- The disease process is not important to nursing.
- Nursing should support the environment to assist the patient in healing.
- Research should be utilized through observation and empirics to define the nursing discipline.
- Nursing is both an empirical science and an art.
- Nursing’s concern is with the person in the environment.
- The person is interacting with the environment.
- Sick and well are governed by the same laws of health.
- The nurse should be observant and confidential.
