Florence Nightingale: Environmental Theory

Question 1

When was Florence Nightingale born?

Answer 1

May 12, 1820

Question 2

Where was Florence Nightingale born?

Answer 2

Florence, Italy

Question 3

What did she do in 1851?

Answer 3

She trained in nursing at Kaiserwerth, Germany.

Question 4

What war broke out in 1854?

Answer 4

Crimean War - Russia vs. Turkey

Question 5

People in England heard that soldiers in hospitals were _________.

Answer 5

poorly treated

Question 6

On October 21, 1854, Florence was invited to take a group of __ female nurses to work in hospitals in the Crimea.

Answer 6

38

Question 7

What influenced her philosophy?

Answer 7

Her service during the Crimean War, treating sick and injured soldiers.

Question 8

In November 1854, Nightingale reorganized patient care due to:

Answer 8

• Insufficient medicines
• Poor hygiene
• Infections

Question 9

How many soldiers died on her first winter in Scutari?

Answer 9

4,077

Question 10

There were more deaths due to _____ than from battlefield wounds.

Answer 10

infections

Question 11

Where did the infections that killed the soldiers come from?

Answer 11

• dirt
• damp
• drains
• drink
• diet

Question 12

What was Florence Nightingale’s nickname?

Answer 12

The Lady with the Lamp

Question 13

In March 1855, ______ were flushed; ________ was improved.

Answer 13

sewers; ventilation

Question 14

When did Britain send the Sanitary Commission to Scutari?

Answer 14

March 1855

Question 14

In March 1855, death rates were ______.

Answer 14

reduced

Question 15

When did the war finish?

Answer 15

1856

Question 16

What did Florence want to improve?

Answer 16

The hospitals in her country.

Question 17

In 1856, conditions in hospitals began to _______.

Answer 17

improve

Question 18

What did Nightingale publish in 1860?

Answer 18

Notes on Nursing

Question 19

She was considered the first _______.

Answer 19

“nursing theorist”

Question 20

Information on her theory has been obtained through the _____________.

Answer 20

interpretation of her writings

Question 21

In 1860, ______________ opened at Saint Thomas’ Hospital in London.

Answer 21

Nightingale School and Home for Nurses

Question 22

What were the awards of Florence Nightingale?

Answer 22

• 1883 Royal Red Cross
• 1907 Order of Merit.

Question 23

Nightingale was bedridden in 1896 because of ____________.

Answer 23

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Question 24

What did Nightingale pioneer?

Answer 24

The field of Hospital Planning

Question 25

When did Nightingale die?

Answer 25

August 13, 1910

Question 26

Where is Nightingale's grave?

Answer 26

St. Margaret's Church, East Wellow, Great Britain

Question 27

Florence is remembered today as the person responsible for ______________________.

Answer 27

improving conditions in hospitals and making nursing an acceptable job

Question 28

What is the strongest influence of Florence Nightingale?

Answer 28

- Education - Observation - Hands-on experience

Question 29

What is the theory basis of Nightingale's Nursing Theory?

Answer 29

The inter-relationship of a healthful environment with nursing.

Question 30

What is the theory goal of Nightingale's Nursing Theory?

Answer 30

Nurses help patients retain their own vitality by meeting their basic needs through control of the environment.

Question 31

The Nursing's Focus of Nightingale's Nursing Theory is:

Answer 31

Control of the environment for individuals, families & the community

Question 32

The three types of environment are:

Answer 32

1. Physical 2. Psychological 3. Social

Question 33

Consists of physical elements where the patient is being treated.

Answer 33

Physical Environment

Question 34

It affects all other aspects of the environment.

Answer 34

Physical Environment

Question 35

Cleanliness of the environment relates directly to _____________.

Answer 35

disease prevention and patient mortality

Question 36

Characteristics of the Physical Environment:

Answer 36

- Ventilation - Warmth - Cleanliness - Light - Noise - Drainage

Question 37

Providing a positive stress-free surrounding.

Answer 37

Psychological Environment

Question 38

Involves communication with the person, about the person, and other people.

Answer 38

Psychological Environment

Question 39

The psychological environment can be affected by a negative physical environment which then causes _____.

Answer 39

stress

Question 40

Examples of various activities to keep the mind active are:

Answer 40

- Manual work - Appealing food - A pleasing environment

Question 41

It involves collecting data about illness and disease prevention.

Answer 41

Social Environment

Question 42

It consists of a person’s home or hospital room, as well as the total community that affects the patient’s specific environment.

Answer 42

Social environment

Question 43

Stress-free surroundings

Answer 43

Social Environment

Question 44

The 5 Major Components of a Healthful Environment:

Answer 44

1. Proper ventilation 2. Adequate light 3. Sufficient warmth 4. Control of noise 5. Control of effluvia (noxious odors)

Question 45

Nightingale's 13 Canons:

Answer 45

1. Health of Houses 2. Ventilation and warming 3. Light 4. Noise 5. Variety 6. Bed and Bedding 7. Cleanliness of rooms 8. Personal Cleanliness 9. Taking Food 10. What food? 11. Chattering Hopes and Advices 12. Observation of the sick 13. Petty management

Question 46

Metaparadigm in Nursing:

Answer 46

Nursing Health Environment Person

Question 47

Aims to provide fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and proper diet; facilitates a person’s reparative by ensuring the best possible environment.

Answer 47

Nursing

Question 48

Maintaining well-being by using a person’s powers to the fullest extent; disease is viewed as a reparative process instituted by nature. Maintained by controlling environmental factors to prevent disease; a nurse helps the person through the healing process.

Answer 48

Health

Question 49

Comprises the external conditions and forces that affect one’s life and development. Everything from a person’s food to a nurse’s verbal and nonverbal interactions with the person.

Answer 49

Environment

Question 50

The patient, a human being acted upon by a nurse or affected by the environment who has reparative powers.

Answer 50

Person

Question 51

It is within the patient’s power as long as a safe environment for recuperation exists.

Answer 51

Recovery

Question 52

Nightingale's 11 Assumptions:

Answer 52

1. Nursing is separate from medicine. 2. Nurses should be trained. 3. The environment is important in nursing. 4. The disease process is not important to nursing. 5. Nursing should support the environment to assist the patient in healing. 6. Research should be utilized through observation and empirics to define the nursing discipline. 7. Nursing is both an empirical science and an art. 8. Nursing’s concern is with the person in the environment. 9. The person is interacting with the environment. 10. Sick and well are governed by the same laws of health. 11. The nurse should be observant and confidential.