Dorothea Elizabeth Orem Flashcards
Who proposed the Self-care Deficit Nursing Theory?
Dorothea Elizabeth Orem
When was Dorothea Elizabeth Orem born?
June 15, 1914
Where was Dorothea Elizabeth Orem born?
Baltimore, Maryland
Dorothea began her nursing education at _________________.
Providence Hospital School of Nursing in Washington, D.C.
In 1939, she earned her BSN education at the ______________.
Catholic University of America
She earned her M.S.N. from the Catholic University of America in _____.
1946
Her nursing experiences included:
- Operating room nursing
- Private duty nursing (home and hospital),
- Hospital staff nursing on pediatric and adult medical and surgical units,
- Evening supervisor in the E.R.
- Biological science teacher
In 1958-1960, Dorothea was a _______.
curriculum consultant
In 1959, _______________ was published.
“Guides for developing the curricula for the Education of Practical Nurses”
In 1971, ________________, which is Orem’s first book, was published.
“Nursing Concepts of Practice”
When did Dorothea Orem die?
June 22, 2007 at age 92
What does Orem’s theory address?
Client’s self-care needs
What is the definition of Orem’s theory?
Goal-oriented activities that are set towards generating interest on the part of the client to maintain life and health development.
What is the aim of Orem’s theory?
Making the clients perform self-care activities in order to live independently.
The 4 metaparadigms of Orem’s theory:
- Person
- Health
- Environment
- Nursing
Defined as the patient, it is an individual subject to the forces of nature, with a capacity for self-knowledge, who can engage in deliberate action, interpret experiences, and perform beneficial actions.
Person
A being who functions biologically, symbolically, and socially and who has the potential for learning and development.
Patient
Consists of physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social aspects; according to Orem, these aspects are inseparable.
Health
Includes promotion and maintenance of health, treatment of illness, and prevention of complications.
Health
The WHOS’s definition of health is:
“The state of physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
Consists of environmental factors, environmental elements, environmental conditions (external physical and psychosocial surroundings), and developmental environment (promotion of personal development).
Environment
It is a human service; its focus is on persons with inabilities to maintain continuous provision of healthcare.
Nursing
Nursing is based on _____.
values
Self-care deficit theory as a general theory is composed of 3 related theories:
- The Theory of Self-Care
- The Theory of Self-Care Deficit
- Theory of Nursing Systems
It describes why and how people care for themselves.
The Theory of Self-Care
It refers to those activities an individual performs independently throughout life to maintain personal well-being.
Self-care
The ability of mature and maturing persons to know and meet their continuing requirements for deliberate, purposive action to regulate their own functioning and development.
Self-care agency
Self-care agency consists of 2 agents:
- Self-care agent
- Dependent-care agent
An individual who engages in meeting the needs of a person.
Agent
A person who provides the self-care.
Self-care agent
A person other than the individual who provides care.
Dependent-care agent
The requirements that a person must meet and perform in order to achieve well-being.
Self-care requisites/Self-care needs
The 3 Categories of Self-Care Requisites:
- Universal Self-care requisites
- Developmental Self-care requisites
- Health deviation self-care requisites
These are universally set goals that must be undertaken in order for an individual to function within the scope of healthy living.
Universal Self-care requisites
The examples of universal self-care requisites are:
- Maintenance of sufficient intake of air.
- Maintenance of sufficient intake of food.
- Maintenance of sufficient intake of water.
- Provision of care associated with elimination.
- Maintenance of balance between activity and rest.
- Maintenance of balance between solitude and social interaction.
- Prevention of hazards to human life, human functioning and human well-being;
- Promotion of human functioning and development.
They result from maturation or are associated with conditions or events such as adjusting to a change in body image or the loss of a spouse.
Developmental Self-care requisites
These result from illness, injury, or disease or its treatment; they include such actions as seeking medical assistance, carrying out a prescribed treatment, or learning to live with the effects of illness or treatment.
Health deviation self-care requisites
It refers to all self-care activities required to meet existing self-care requisites.
Therapeutic Self-Care Demand
It involves the use of actions to maintain health and well-being.
Therapeutic Self-Care Demand
It describes and explains why people can be helped through nursing.
The theory of Self-care deficit.
It arises when the self-care agency cannot meet self-care requisites
Self-care deficit
The 5 Helping methods are:
- Acting or doing for another
- Guiding and directing
- Providing physical or psychological support
- Teaching
- Providing and maintaining an environment that supports personal development
It describes and explains relationships that must be brought about and maintained for nursing to be produced.
Theory of Nursing Systems
A set of established capabilities of a nurse who can legitimately perform activities of care for a client.
Nursing Agency
These are professional functions that must be performed by the nurse in order to meet clients needs.
Nursing Design
It serves as a guideline for needed and foreseen results in the production of nursing toward the achievement of nursing goals.
Nursing Design
The 3 classifications of Nursing Systems:
- A wholly compensatory nursing system
- A partly compensatory nursing system
- Supportive-Educative Nursing System
It is used when a patient’s self-care agency is so limited that the patient depends on others for well-being.
A wholly compensatory nursing system
It is used when a patient can meet some self-care requisites but needs a nurse to help meet others.
A partly compensatory nursing system
The nurse and the patient play major roles in performing self-care.
A partly compensatory nursing system
It is used when a patient can meet self-care requisites but needs assistance with decision making, behavior control or knowledge acquisition skills.
Supportive–Educative Nursing System
Major assumptions of Orem’s theory:
- Human beings require continuous, deliberate inputs to themselves and their environments to remain alive and function in accordance with natural human endowments.
- Human agency, the power to act deliberately, is exercised in the form of care for self and others in identifying needs and making needed inputs.
- Mature human beings experience privations in the form of limitations for action in care for self and others involving and making of life sustaining and function-regulating inputs.
- Human agency is exercised in discovering, developing, and transmitting ways and means to identify needs and make inputs to self and others.
- Groups of human beings with structured relationship cluster tasks and allocate responsibilities for providing care to group members who experience privations for making required, deliberate input to self and others.
The first documented use of Orem’s theory as the basis for structuring practice is found in descriptions of nurse-managed clinics at __________________.
John Hopkins Hospital, 1973
Focuses on cancer prevention and self-care after being diagnosed with malignancies.
Oncology
What is Orem’s book at Morris Harvey College?
“Foundations of Nursing Practice”
The first instrument to measure the exercise of Self-care agency (ESCA) was published in _____.
1979
Orem is presently working with a group of scholars, known as ______________.
Orem Study Group
The Sixth International Self-Care deficit theory Conference which was held in ____________.
Bangkok, Thailand in February 2000.
