Flight Instruments Flashcards
What’s important about the yellow arc on an airspeed indicator?
The yellow arc shows which speeds a plane can be flown in smooth air
Explain CDI deflection, how many degrees per dot
CDI shows 2º deflection for each dot
What should be the indication on the magnetic compass as you roll into a standard rate turn to the right from a south heading in the northern hemisphere?
The compass will indicate a turn to the right (west), but at a faster rate than is actually occurring.
To use the VOR test service (VOT), tune in the VOT frequency on the ___ receiver. With the CDI centered, the OBS should read __º with the TO/FROM indication showing ‘___’ or the OBS should read __º with the TO/FROM indication showing ‘__’.
VOR
0º
FROM
180º
TO
How should a pilot determine the direction of bank from an attitude indicator?
By the relationship of the miniature airplane to the deflected horizon bar.
Describe the different magnetic compass errors
Variation - difference between true and magnetic
Deviation - compass error caused by magnetic field within aircraft
Dip Errors - Close to the magnetic poles, the earth’s field is too small to align the compass. The compass only indicates correctly when the card is horizontal. UNOS, ANDS
-Northerly turning errors - a northerly turn should be stopped prior to arrival at the desired heading “undershoot north”. Stop the turn 15º + ½ latitude
-Southerly turning errors - a southerly turn should be allowed to overshoot the desired heading “overshoot south”. Stop the turn 15º + ½ latitude
-Acceleration error - “acceleration north” - when on an east or west heading, compass will indicate turn to the north when the a/c is accelerated
-Deceleration error - “decelerate south” - when on an east or west heading, compass will indicate turn to the south when the a/c is decelerated
Oscillation error - a combination of all of the above. Results in fluctuation of the compass card in relation to the actual heading. When setting the gyroscopic heading indicator to agree with the magnetic compass, use the average indication between the swings.
Vertical card magnetic compass errors
Lags or Leads - when starting a turn from the north, the vertical card will lag the turn. When starting a turn from the south, the vertical card with lead the turn.
Eddy current dampening - A magnetic flux produced by the eddy current opposes the flux from the permanent magnet and decreases oscillations.
How many satellites are needed for a reliable GPS signal?
Need 4 satellites for reliable GPS signal.
What is RAIM? How many satellites are needed?
RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) verifies the integrity of the GPS signal being received, at least one satellite + the satellites needed for GPS, are needed for RAIM - a total of 5 satellites or 4 satellites and a barometric altimeter.
To isolate a corrupt satellite signal, how many satellite signals are needed?
To isolate the corrupt signal, RAIM needs 6 satellites or 5 and a barometric altimeter.
What happens if you lose RAIM?
If RAIM capability is lost, in flight, the pilot has no assurance of the accuracy of the GPS position.
What is a MEL?
Minimum equipment list, these things you always need. DA-20 doesn’t have a MEL. But there’s a list in POH of minimum equipment you need. 91.9 “comply with POH”.
What is KOEL?
Kind of operation equipment list, subject to circumstances. POH for DA-20 has “kind of operation list” w/specific equipment needed. List of equipment installed in an aircraft that specifies for which kinds of operations a specific piece of equipment is required. The KOEL is used as part of the process of determining if an aircraft with inoperative equipment is airworthy. The KOEL is typically published by the aircraft manufacturer as part of the Limitations section of the Airplane Flight Manual (AFM) or Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH). If something in plane doesn’t work need to check 3 areas to see if you’re legal to fly. FAR 91.205, POH, Airworthiness Directives. If there is an instrument that doesn’t work, but you can still fly either remove or add “INOP” placard.
