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Pilot Knowledge > Flight Instruments > Flashcards

Flight Instruments Flashcards

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Charter Pilot (Part 135) - Oral flashcards
1
Q

PRINCIPLES OF A GYROSCOPE

A

Rigidity in space - a gyroscope remains in a fixed position in the plane in which it is spinning.

Precession - the tilting or turning of a gyro in response to a deflective force; occurs 90* later in the direction of rotation.

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2
Q

Describe the ATTITUDE INDICATOR

A

bank and pitch information

rigidity in space

normally vacuum-driven in GA aircraft but may electrically powered in others

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3
Q

Describe the HEADING INDICATOR

A

Rigidity in space

Normally powered by vacuum system in GA aircraft

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4
Q

What instrument is this

A

Turn coordinator

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5
Q

What does a turn coordinator show?

A

Rate of turn

and

Rate of roll

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6
Q

What instrument is this?

A

Turn-and-slip indicator

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7
Q

What does a turn-and-slip indicator show?

A

Rate of turn only

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8
Q

What are the 3 gyroscopic instruments?

A

Attitude indicator

Heading indicator

Turn indicators

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9
Q

What are the 3 pitot-static instruments?

A

Altimeter

Vertical speed indicator

Airspeed indicator

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10
Q

How does the ALTIMETER work?

A

Stack of aneroid wafers expand and contract with pressure from the static source

Mechanical linkage between aneroid and display translates pressure to an altitude indication

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11
Q

Above 18,000’ MSL the altimeter should be set to

A

29.92” Hg and operate in Flight Levels

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12
Q

INDICATED ALTITUDE is…

A

uncorrected altitude on the altimeter when set to local pressure setting

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13
Q

PRESSURE ALTITUDE is…

A

altitude above 29.92” Hg plane

Used when flying above transition altitude (18,000’)

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14
Q

DENSITY ALTITUDE is…

It is used for…

A

pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature

performance calculations.

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15
Q

TRUE ALTITUDE is…

A

altitude above Mean Sea Level

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16
Q

ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE is…

A

height above airport elevation

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17
Q

Describe the VERTICAL SPEED INDICATOR

A

Diaphragm inside is connected to the static source

Area outside the diaphragm gets static pressure from a calibrated leak

Diaphragm expands or contracts and mechanical linkage moves the needle

Instantaneous VSI (IVSI) solves lag issue

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18
Q

Describe the AIRSPEED INDICATOR

A

Diaphragm receives ram air from pitot tube

Outside of diaphragm receives static pressure

Diaphragm expands and contracts and mechanical linkage displays airspeed

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19
Q

The ATTITUDE INDICATOR should show the correct attitude within…

A

5 minutes of starting the engine

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20
Q

What errors is the ATTITUDE INDICATOR susceptible to?

A

Acceleration (pitch up)

Deceleration (pitch down)

Rollout (after rollout shows slight turn in opposite direction)

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21
Q

What does the HEADING INDICATOR show?

A

Shows heading changes, doesn’t measure heading itself

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22
Q

What must you do to the HEADING INDICATOR for it to display the correct heading?

A

Calibrate it to magnetic compass to show correct heading

Some can be slaved to magnetic heading source, allowing it to sync automatically

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23
Q

Older ATTITUDE INDICATORS may be susceptible to what?

A

Tumble limit

24
Q

DYNAMIC PRESSURE in regard to airspeed is the result of what?

A

Impact pressure minus static pressure

25
Q

What is INDICATED AIRSPEED (IAS)?

A

Airspeed shown on the Airspeed Indicator

26
Q

What is CALIBRATED AIRSPEED (CAS)?

A

IAS corrected for instrument and position errors

27
Q

What is EQUIVALENT AIRSPEED (EAS)?

A

CAS corrected for compressibility error

28
Q

What is TRUE AIRSPEED (TAS)?

A

Actual speed through the air

EAS corrected for nonstandard temperature and pressure

29
Q

What is MACH NUMBER?

A

Ratio of TAS to the local speed of sound

30
Q

What is GROUND SPEED (GS)?

A

Actual speed over the ground

TAS corrected for winds

31
Q

What is the WHITE ARC on the ASI?

A

Flap operating range

Starts at Vs0, ends at Vfe

32
Q

What is the GREEN ARC on the ASI?

A

Normal operating range

Starts at Vs1, ends at Vno

33
Q

What is the YELLOW ARC on the ASI?

A

Caution range

Fly only in smooth air and with caution

34
Q

What is the RED LINE on the ASI?

A

Vne

35
Q

How will static port blockage affect the Airspeed Indicator?

A

Shows correct airspeed ONLY at blockage altitude

Climb - indicates lower speed than it should

Descend - indicates higher speed than it should

36
Q

How will static port blockage effect the Altimeter?

A

Will freeze on the altitude where it was blocked

37
Q

How will static port blockage affect the Vertical Speed Indicator?

A

It will freeze on zero

38
Q

After verifying a static port blockage what should you do?

A

Use the alternate static source

or

Break the VSI window and expect reverse VSI information

39
Q

When using the alternate static source a _______ static pressure is measured.

The ASI will…

The Altimeter will…

The VSI will…

A

lower

show a faster speed than it should

show a higher altitude than it should

momentarily show a climb

40
Q

What is the only instrument affected by pitot tube blockage?

A

Airspeed Indicator

41
Q

The ram air inlet of the pitot tube is blocked but the drain hole is open. What will happen the your IAS?

A

Drop to zero

42
Q

The ram air inlet and the drain hole on the pitot tube are both clogged. How will your airspeed indicator respond?

A

It will act like an altimeter

No longer reliable

43
Q

You suspect pitot tube blockage. What should you consider using?

A

Pitot heat

Ice might have formed in the tube

44
Q

GENERIC INSTRUMENT TAXI CHECK

A

Airspeed - 0 KIAS
Turn Coordinator
- wings level, ball centered
- turns, correct direction, ball opposite turn
Attitude - pitch/ bank +-5* w/in 5 mins
Heading Indicator - set and correct
Altimeter - set, field elevation +-75’
VSI - 0 FPM
Mag Compass
- swings freely, full of fluid
- deviation card installed
- marker beacons, tested
NAV & Comms - set
GPS - checked and set
EFIS Cockpits
- PFD/MFD/EICAS
- check for X’s, messages, warnings, removed symbols

45
Q

What are the Magnetic Compass errors and limitations?

A

Deviation - magnetic interference with compass (radios, magnetized parts, etc)

Variation - diff. between true (geographic) north and magnetic north

Magnetic Dip - compass dips along magnetic field toward magnetic pole. Unreliable close to poles

Accel/decel errors - E/W heading, accel shows temp N turn, decel shows temp S turn

North/south turn errors - compass leads to north, lags to south

Oscillation error - combo of mag dip, accel/decel and N/S turn errors

46
Q

What is AHRS?

A

Attitude and Heading Reference System

Measures and sends attitude and heading information to the PFD for display

More accurate and reliable than traditional gyro systems

47
Q

What is an ADC?

A

Air Data Computer

Replaces the mechanical pitot-static instruments

Takes inputs from pitot, static and temperature ports and computes airspeed, true airspeed, vertical speed and altitude

48
Q

What computes and displays command bars on the attitude indicator to help you fly a selected heading, course or vertical speed?

A

Flight Director

49
Q

What does the Flight Management System (FMS) do?

A
  • Gives guidance to the autopilot and flight director
  • Monitors and selects the best navigation source for accurate positioning
50
Q

Describe the EFIS

A

Electronic Flight Instrument System

AKA “glass cockpit”

51
Q

What is a PFD?

A

Primary Flight Display

Shows flight data such as attitude, altitude, airspeed, VSI, heading and rate tapes

52
Q

What shows a variety of info like moving maps, systems status, weather and traffic?

A

Multi-Function Display (MFD)

53
Q

In the US, when operating below 18,000’ MSL…

A

Regularly set the altimeter to a station within 100 NM

54
Q

Nemonic for when you’re flying from an area of high pressure to low pressure

or

from an area of hot temps to low temps

A

High to low - Look out below

55
Q

This error occurs at altitudes above 10,000’ and airspeeds faster than 200 knots as air begins to “compress” in the pitot tube causing CAS to indicate higher that it should

A

Compressibility Error

Pilot Knowledge (18 decks)

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