Aeromedical Fators

Question 1

Hypoxia means…

Answer 1

reduced oxygen.

Question 2

What the forms of hypoxia?

Answer 2

• Hypoxic hypoxia
• Hypemic hypoxia
• Stagnant hypoxia
• Histotoxic hypoxia

Question 3

Hypoxic hypoxia is a result of…

An example would be…

Answer 3

insufficient oxygen available to the body.

climbing in altitude. The composition of the gases stays the same but the lower pressure means fewer oxygen molecules available.

Question 4

Hypemic hypoxia occurs when…

Answer 4

the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood is reduced.

• Reduced blood volume (bleeding, donation)
• Certain blood diseases (anemia)
• Carbon monoxide poisoning

Question 5

Stagnant hypoxia occurs when…

An example would be…

Answer 5

oxygenated blood isn’t able to get to the tissues that need it.

Excessive Gs and seatbelt restricting blood flow

Question 6

Histotoxic hypoxia is the…

An example would be..

Answer 6

inability of the cells to effectively use the oxygen.

one ounce of alcohol equals an additional 2,000’ of physiological altitude.

Question 7

One noteworthy attribute of the onset of hypoxia is that the first symptoms are…

Answer 7

euphoria and a carefree feeling.

Question 8

The symptoms of hypoxia vary with the individual, but common symptoms include:

Answer 8

• Cyanosis (blue fingernails and lips)
• Headache
• Impaired judgement
• Visual impairment
• Euphoria
• Decreased response, increased reaction time
• Drowsiness
• Lightheaded, dizzy
• Numbness
• Tingling in fingers, toes

Question 9

How do you treat hypoxia?

Answer 9

• Use oxygen
• Fly lower

Question 10

As altitude increases above _______, the symptoms of hypoxia ________ in severity and the time of useful consciousness rapidly ________.

Answer 10

10,000’
increase
decreases

Question 11

Time of useful conciousness without supplemental oxygen:

20,000’
25,000’
30,000
35,000’

Answer 11

30 minutes or more
3 - 5 minutes
1 - 2 minutes
30 - 60 seconds

Question 12

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 12

Excessive breathing

Question 13

What are the symptoms of hyperventilation?

Answer 13

Same as hypoxia

CHIVEDDLNT

Question 14

How do you treat hyperventilation?

Answer 14

Restore normal carbon dioxide levels to the body:
- breathe into a paper bag
- talking aloud

Question 15

Name the 8 types of spatial disorientation

Answer 15

Inversion Illusion
Coriolis Illusion
Elevator Illusion

False Horizon
Leans
Autokinesis
Graveyard Spin/Spiral
Somatogravic Illusion

Question 16

Spatial disorientation is the lack of orientation in regard to the ________, ________, or __________ of the airplane in space.

Answer 16

position
attitude
movement

Question 17

What are the three systems the body to determine orientation and movement in space?

Answer 17

Vestibular system
Somatosensory system
Visual system

Question 18

How long does dark adaptation take?

Answer 18

30 minutes

Question 19

________ are responsible for all color vision and are used for detecting fine detail in bright light. ______ cannot discern color, are very sensitive in low light, and responsible for much of the peripheral vision

Answer 19

Cones
Rods

Question 20

How big is the night blind spot?

How do you compensate for the night blind spot?

Answer 20

5 to 10 degrees

Off center viewing

Question 21

The FAA suggests using oxygen for flights over ___ minutes when ______ feet MSL and above at night, compared to _______ feet MSL during the day

Answer 21

30
5,000
10,000

Question 22

Runway Width Illusion

If the runway is narrower than usual an illusion is created that the aircraft is _______ than it actually is, causing you to fly your approach too ____.

If the runway is wider than usual an illusion is created that the aircraft is _______ than it actually is, causing you to fly your approach too _____

Answer 22

higher
low

lower
high

Question 23

Runway Slope Illusion

An upslope makes you think the aircraft is ______ than it actually is, causing you to fly your approach too ____.

A downslope makes you think the aircraft is _______ than it is, causing you to fly your approach too _____.

Answer 23

higher
low

lower
low

Question 24

Spatial disorientation is a temporary state of confusion from a lack of orientation with regard to the airplanes ________, ________, and _________.

PAM

Answer 24

position, attitude, and movement

Question 25

Scuba diving subjects the body to _______ pressure, which allows more _______ to dissolve in body ______ and _______.

Answer 25

increased
nitrogen
tissues
fluids

Question 26

Inversion illusion is from a quick change from a ______ to _____ flight that makes you think you’re…

Answer 26

climb
level

tumbling backwards.

Question 27

Coriolis illusion is caused by a quick _____ movement during a _______ _____ turn. You drop you’re pen and lean over to pick it up, the fluid in your inner ear get ______ up. When you sit back up it feels like you’re in ______ flight but you’re still in the constant rate turn.

Answer 27

head
constant rate
stirred
level

Question 28

Elevator illusion results from a sudden _______ that causes the pilot to continue to _____ _____ the aircraft. A sudden downdraft would cause you to _____ ___ the aircraft.

Answer 28

updraft
nose over
nose up

Question 29

The leans is when you correct a small bank to _______. The fluid in your inner ear tells you you’re now banking in the _________ direction so you over bank in the direction of the ________ turn.

Answer 29

level
opposite
original

Question 30

Graveyard spiral results from a prolonged _____. After returning to level flight you feel like you’re turning in the ________ direction so you bank in the ________ direction. You sense a loss in altitude so you pull back on the stick which ________ the spiral

Answer 30

turn
opposite
original
tightens

Question 31

Somatogravic illusion results from a rapid acceleration that makes you feel like you’re _______ _______ so you nose _____ the airplane, or a rapid deceleration that makes you nose ___ the airplane.

Answer 31

falling backwards
over
up