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Embraer Lineage > Flight Controls > Flashcards

Flight Controls Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Flight Controls

A

– Ailerons and the multi function spoilers for roll axis control.
– Elevators for pitch axis control.
– Rudder for yaw axis control.

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2
Q

Secondary Flight Controls

A

– Horizontal stabilizer.
– Flaps and Slats.
– The multi-function spoiler (when used as speed brakes or ground spoilers).
– Dedicated ground spoilers.

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3
Q

Pitch Trim switch limits

A
  • Manual PITCH TRIM Switch commands limited to 3s

- actuating 1/2 of the switch for more than 7s deactivates the switch

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4
Q

Fly-By-Wire Components

A 
9 x Actuator Control Electronics (ACEs)
 – Three Primary-ACEs (P-ACE)
 – Two Slat/Flap ACEs (SF-ACE)
 – One Horizontal Stabilizer ACE (HS-ACE)
 – Three Spoiler ACEs (S-ACE)

4 x Flight Control Modules (FCMs)

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5
Q

Function of Primary Actuator Control Electronics (P-ACEs) x 3

A
  • control rudder and elevator surfaces
  • connect control column electrically to control surfaces
  • two installed in FWD E-bay; one installed in AFT E-bay
  • two channels (one active, one stby)
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6
Q

Function of Slat/Flap Actuator Control Electronics (SF-ACE) x 2

A
  • control the slat and flaps surface
  • installed in the middle electronics bay
  • two channels one channel for flap and one channel for slat
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7
Q

Function of HORIZONTAL STABILIZER ACTUATOR CONTROL ELECTRONICS (HS-ACE)

A
  • controls the horizontal stabilizer surface
  • connect the control column electronically to the control surface
  • installed in the aft electronics bay
  • two channels that operate in active/standby configuration
  • active channel changes daily
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8
Q

Function of SPOILER ACTUATOR CONTROL ELECTRONICS (S-

ACE)

A
  • resides within the FCMs and is used to control the multifunction spoilers (3 per wing)
  • FCM #1, FCM #3 and FCM #4 have wiring to control spoilers
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9
Q

Function of Flight Control Modules (FCMs)

A
  • provide software-based assistance to the P-ACE
  • required for normal-mode operation of the flight controls system
  • provide Angle of Attack limiting to P-ACEs
  • FCM #1 and #2 located in MAU #1
  • FCM #3 and #4 located in MAU #3
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10
Q

Functions provided in Normal Mode

A 
– Elevator control laws scheduling
– Auto-thrust compensation
– Angle-of-Attack (AOA) limiting
– Rudder airspeed gain scheduling
– Yaw damper and turn coordination via AFCS
– Rudder flight authority
– Roll spoiler scheduling with airspeed and speedbrake deployment.
– Mach Trim
- Configuration change compensation
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11
Q

Operation in Direct Mode

A
  • result of loss of data from FCM
  • Operation is defaulted to fixed control laws configuration.
  • Control input provided by Captain and First Officer’s sensors is sent directly to the surface
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12
Q

Elevator Control Operation

A
  • 4 X P-ACE channels controls independent PCU
    • P-ACE 1 ch 1 —> left outboard elevator
    • P-ACE 2 ch1 —> left inboard elevator
    • P-ACE 2 ch2 —> right inboard elevator
    • P-ACE 3 ch1 —> right outboard elevator
  • PCUs hydraulically actuate elevator surfaces
  • HYD Sys 1 —> left outboard elevator
  • HYD Sys 2 —> left and right inboard elevator
  • HYD Sys 3 —> right outboard elevator
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13
Q

Tail Strike Avoidance operation

A

Takeoff:

  • Enabled at altitudes less than 20’
  • HAGL (height above ground level) calculated by means of vertical speed

Landing:

  • Enabled at altitudes less than 70’
  • HAGL calculated by two radio altimeters

Go Around:

  • Elevator command authority the same as takeoff config
  • HAGL calculated by two radio altimeters
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14
Q

What happens to the elevators what the FCMs are removed from the control loop?

A
  • systems automatically reverts to Direct Mode
  • fixed control law configuration
  • AP no longer avail
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15
Q

How is the Horizontal Stab commanded

A
  • electromechanical system
  • manually via trim switches (LH, RH, Backup)
    • switches —> HS-ACE —> HSA
  • automatically via FCM
    • FCM —> HS-ACE —> HSA
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16
Q

What drives the horizontal stabilizer

A
  • HSA (horizontal stabilizer actuator)

- two dc motors (active/standby)

17
Q

Horizontal Stab Priority Logic

A
  • Backup switch
  • LH Switch
  • RH Switch
  • FCM (autopilot)
18
Q

Roll control

A
  • conventional ailerons
  • fly-by-wire multifunction spoilers
    • Hydraulic System 2: left & right inboard PCU.
    • Hydraulic System 3: left & right outboard PCU
19
Q

How many multi-function spoilers

A

6 panels:

– L3, L4, L5 (left wing) and
– R3, R4, R5 (right wing)

20
Q

Multifunction Spoiler operational modes

A

Normal:
FCM provides airspeed gains and control limits to S-ACE

Direct:
Spoilers associated with failed FCM —> Direct mode
Spoilers associated with unaffected FCM —> Normal mode

21
Q

Rudder Control

A

Fly-by-wire

  • single rudder surface
  • electrically commanded, hydraulically actuated
  • Two actuators (PCUs) (Upper and Lower)
  • Captain —> P-ACE-1 —> Upper actuator (HYD Sys #1)
  • FO —> P-ACE-3 —> Lower actuator (HYD Sys #3)
    • 2 channels per P-ACE
22
Q

Rudder control operational modes

A

Normal:
- FCMs provide high level functions and structural protection

Direct:

  • fixed speed gain (Low-speed or High-Speed)
  • depends on flap position
23
Q

How many Slats and Flaps

A
  • 8 Leading edge slats (four per wing)
  • 4 double slotted flaps (two per wing)
  • slats extend first
  • flaps retract first
24
Q

Slat/Flap System components

A
  • commanded by two SF-ACE (dual channel units)
    • one channel for slats; one channel for flaps
  • 2 x PDU (Power Drive Units)
    • Slat PDU and Flap PDU
  • 2 actuators per Flap Pane (4 per side)
25
Q

Slat/Flap Protections

A

Skew Protection:

  • sensors monitor panel movement
  • differential movement exceeded will shut down system

Strike Protection:

  • SF-ACE monitors load
  • respective PDU is shutdown if excessive load detected
  • two attests allowed before surfaces are de-energized
26
Q

How many spoiler panels

A

– L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 (left wing)

– R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 (right wing)

27
Q

Hydraulic systems associated with Spoiler Panes

A

HYD Sys #1: L2, L3, L4, R2, R3, R4

HYD Sys #2: L1, R1, L5, R5

28
Q

Automatic Ground Spoiler Extention

A
  • On the Ground
  • Low TLA
  • Wheel speed above 45 knts or A/S above 60 KIAS
  • multi-function spoilers to 40º
  • ground spoilers to 60º
29
Q

Auto retraction of ground spoilers

A
  • wheel speed below 45 knts for 5s

- Throttles moved beyond 35º TLA

30
Q

Auto retract of speed brakes

A
  • Beyond Slat/Flaps 2 or above
  • Below 180 knts
  • TLA beyond 70º

*speed brakes not avail in direct mode

31
Q

What powers Fly By Wire (FBW) during loss of normal and emergency electrical power

A
  • FBW Backup Battery provides power to elevator and rudder actuators for at least 15 mins
  • Backup Battery charged by DC ESS 3 bus
  • located in FWD E-Bay
32
Q

What functions are lost in Direct Mode

A
  • AOA protection
  • Elevator Thrust compensation
  • elevator control laws (airspeed)
  • rudder airspeed gain scheduling and stroke limiting
  • Yaw damper and turn coordination
  • rudder flight authority
  • Roll spoiler scheduling with airspeed
  • speedbrake deployment Configuration change compensation

Embraer Lineage (17 decks)

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