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Physical Science > Flashcards in "CH 25" > Flashcards

Flashcards in "CH 25"

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

long narrow depression formed between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge

A

rift valley

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3
Q

boundary where two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

thick buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate

A

subduction

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5
Q

two plates that move apart

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

sudden movements or vibrations of the ground

A

earthquake

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8
Q

a crack in the earth’s crust along which rock moves

A

fault

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9
Q

sudden release of stain energy and moves along a fault

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

the point of origin of an earthquake

A

focus

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11
Q

the point of surface above the focus

A

epicenter

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12
Q

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

what is some evidence for the continental drift

A

the coastlines of South America and Africa match up
rock types and mountain ranges matched up
fossils

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14
Q

what was the name of the super-continent called

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

who came up with the sea floor spreading hypothesis

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

how did he discover sea floor spreading

A

He used sonar to develop three-dimensional maps

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17
Q

what did Hess discover using sonar

A

Mid-ocean ridge (MOR)

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18
Q

where at on the ocean floor does new rock form

A

closer to the MOR

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19
Q

what are the three types of plate boundary

A

divergent
convergent
transform

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20
Q

how do convergent plate boundaries move

A

they collide

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21
Q

what type of boundary does subduction happen

A

convergent plate

22
Q

what types of crusts are there

A

continental crust

oceanic crust

23
Q

what type of crust has to be present for volcanoes to form

A

oceanic crust

24
Q

if two continental crusts collide what forms

A

mountains

25
Q

if a oceanic and continental crust converge what forms

A

deep sea trench and volcanoes

26
Q

what forms if two oceanic crusts collide

A

volcanic island

deep sea trench

27
Q

what do hot spots create

A

volcanic islands

28
Q

how do divergent plate boundaries move

A

away form each other

29
Q

what is an example of divergent plate boundary

A

East African Rift

30
Q

how do transform plate boundaries move

A

slide horizontally past each other

31
Q

what is the ONLY example of transform plate boundary

A

The San Andres Fault

32
Q

what type of crust has to be present for a transform plate boundary

A

only continental crust

33
Q

what is a fault

A

a crack in the earth’s surface

34
Q

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes

A

divergent/tarnsform

35
Q

which plate boundaries have deep earthquakes

A

convergent

36
Q

what are the four types of stress are applied to rocks that cause earthquakes

A

compression, tension, shear, torsion

37
Q

what are the two types of deformation

A

elastic plastic

38
Q

what happens when elastic deformation occurs

A

stretches then snaps back into place

39
Q

what happens when plastic deformation occurs

A

the rock will stay in the new form

40
Q

how many types of seismic waves are there

A

primary, secondary, surface

41
Q

what are the two types of body waves

A

primary, secondary waves

42
Q

what type of wave is a primary wave

A

compression

43
Q

what is the fastest body wave

A

p-wave

44
Q

what type of materials do p-waves travel through

A

solid/liquid

45
Q

what is the slowest body wave

A

s-wave

46
Q

what type of wave are secondary

A

transverse waves

47
Q

what type of material do s-waves travel through

A

only solids

48
Q

what is the most complex wave

A

surface waves cause they move up and down

49
Q

what are the two scales that measure earthquakes

A

Mercalli & Richter

50
Q

what does the Richter scale measure

A

the amount of energy released

51
Q

what does the Mercalli scale measure

A

the amount of damage

Physical Science (14 decks)

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