Flashcards in "CH 25"

Question 1

system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

Answer 1

mid-ocean ridge

Question 2

long narrow depression formed between peaks along the mid-ocean ridge

Answer 2

rift valley

Question 3

boundary where two plates collide

Answer 3

convergent plate boundary

Question 4

thick buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate

Answer 4

subduction

Question 5

two plates that move apart

Answer 5

divergent plate boundary

Question 6

type of boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

Answer 6

transform plate boundary

Question 7

sudden movements or vibrations of the ground

Answer 7

earthquake

Question 8

a crack in the earth’s crust along which rock moves

Answer 8

fault

Question 9

sudden release of stain energy and moves along a fault

Answer 9

elastic rebound

Question 10

the point of origin of an earthquake

Answer 10

focus

Question 11

the point of surface above the focus

Answer 11

epicenter

Question 12

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

Answer 12

Alfred Wegener

Question 13

what is some evidence for the continental drift

Answer 13

the coastlines of South America and Africa match up
rock types and mountain ranges matched up
fossils

Question 14

what was the name of the super-continent called

Answer 14

Pangaea

Question 15

who came up with the sea floor spreading hypothesis

Answer 15

Harry Hess

Question 16

how did he discover sea floor spreading

Answer 16

He used sonar to develop three-dimensional maps

Question 17

what did Hess discover using sonar

Answer 17

Mid-ocean ridge (MOR)

Question 18

where at on the ocean floor does new rock form

Answer 18

closer to the MOR

Question 19

what are the three types of plate boundary

Answer 19

divergent
convergent
transform

Question 20

how do convergent plate boundaries move

Answer 20

they collide

Question 21

what type of boundary does subduction happen

Answer 21

convergent plate

Question 22

what types of crusts are there

Answer 22

continental crust

oceanic crust

Question 23

what type of crust has to be present for volcanoes to form

Answer 23

oceanic crust

Question 24

if two continental crusts collide what forms

Answer 24

mountains

Question 25

if a oceanic and continental crust converge what forms

Answer 25

deep sea trench and volcanoes

Question 26

what forms if two oceanic crusts collide

Answer 26

volcanic island | deep sea trench

Question 27

what do hot spots create

Answer 27

volcanic islands

Question 28

how do divergent plate boundaries move

Answer 28

away form each other

Question 29

what is an example of divergent plate boundary

Answer 29

East African Rift

Question 30

how do transform plate boundaries move

Answer 30

slide horizontally past each other

Question 31

what is the ONLY example of transform plate boundary

Answer 31

The San Andres Fault

Question 32

what type of crust has to be present for a transform plate boundary

Answer 32

only continental crust

Question 33

what is a fault

Answer 33

a crack in the earth's surface

Question 34

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes

Answer 34

divergent/tarnsform

Question 35

which plate boundaries have deep earthquakes

Answer 35

convergent

Question 36

what are the four types of stress are applied to rocks that cause earthquakes

Answer 36

compression, tension, shear, torsion

Question 37

what are the two types of deformation

Answer 37

elastic plastic

Question 38

what happens when elastic deformation occurs

Answer 38

stretches then snaps back into place

Question 39

what happens when plastic deformation occurs

Answer 39

the rock will stay in the new form

Question 40

how many types of seismic waves are there

Answer 40

primary, secondary, surface

Question 41

what are the two types of body waves

Answer 41

primary, secondary waves

Question 42

what type of wave is a primary wave

Answer 42

compression

Question 43

what is the fastest body wave

Answer 43

p-wave

Question 44

what type of materials do p-waves travel through

Answer 44

solid/liquid

Question 45

what is the slowest body wave

Answer 45

s-wave

Question 46

what type of wave are secondary

Answer 46

transverse waves

Question 47

what type of material do s-waves travel through

Answer 47

only solids

Question 48

what is the most complex wave

Answer 48

surface waves cause they move up and down

Question 49

what are the two scales that measure earthquakes

Answer 49

Mercalli & Richter

Question 50

what does the Richter scale measure

Answer 50

the amount of energy released

Question 51

what does the Mercalli scale measure

Answer 51

the amount of damage