chapter 27.3 & 4

Question 1

a major principle of stratigraphy stating that within a sequence of layers of sedimentary rock, the oldest layer is at the base and that the layers are progressively younger with ascending order in the sequence.

Answer 1

principles of superposition

Question 2

Relative dating puts geologic events in chronological order without requiring that a specific numerical age be assigned to each event

Answer 2

relative dating

Question 3

the process by which water enters earth and becomes ground water

Answer 3

inflitration

Question 4

the upper boundary of a saturated zone

Answer 4

water table

Question 5

the transfer of water through pore space

Answer 5

aquifer

Question 6

percentage of a material’s total volume

Answer 6

porosity

Question 7

the process of assiging an exact age

Answer 7

absolute dating

Question 8

which states the law of nature that operates today

Answer 8

uniformitarism

Question 9

gaps in rock

Answer 9

unconformities

Question 10

remains or traces of organisms

Answer 10

fossils

Question 11

what percentage of water on Earth is salt water

Answer 11

97%

Question 12

what percentage of water on Earth is freshwater

Answer 12

3%

Question 13

where is the majority of freshwater found

Answer 13

glaciers

Question 14

where is the smaller percentage of fresh water found

Answer 14

lakes, rivers, ground water

Question 15

what is percipitaion

Answer 15

rain snow sleet hail

Question 16

what is runoff

Answer 16

water running off the land surface

Question 17

what is infiltraition

Answer 17

the process by which water enters earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

Question 18

what is transpiration

Answer 18

when plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

Question 19

what is evaporation

Answer 19

when water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

Question 20

what is condensation

Answer 20

when water vapor collides with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets

Question 21

what is the water cycle

Answer 21

where freshwater moves from the land to the atmosphere

Question 22

what is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 22

a porous area where water easily passes through

Question 23

what is the saturated zone for groundwater storage

Answer 23

bemeath the saturated zone where water completely fills the pore space

Question 24

what is a water table

Answer 24

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

Question 25

`what does it mean if sediment is permeable

Answer 25

the material is easier water can infiltrate through the ground

Question 26

what is an aquifer

Answer 26

underground water source

Question 27

what is the name of the great plains aquifer

Answer 27

ogeallala

Question 28

how many states does the great plain aquifer run through

Answer 28

8

Question 29

what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through

Answer 29

new mexico, Wyoming, south Dakota, Colorado ,Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska

Question 30

what is an aquitard

Answer 30

keep water confined

Question 31

how are water springs formed

Answer 31

springs from where the water table naturally meets the Earth’s surface

Question 32

what is an artesian well

Answer 32

when drilled into a pressurized aquifer

Question 33

what is a cone of depression