chapter 27.3 & 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

a major principle of stratigraphy stating that within a sequence of layers of sedimentary rock, the oldest layer is at the base and that the layers are progressively younger with ascending order in the sequence.

A

principles of superposition

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2
Q

Relative dating puts geologic events in chronological order without requiring that a specific numerical age be assigned to each event

A

relative dating

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3
Q

the process by which water enters earth and becomes ground water

A

inflitration

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4
Q

the upper boundary of a saturated zone

A

water table

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5
Q

the transfer of water through pore space

A

aquifer

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6
Q

percentage of a material’s total volume

A

porosity

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7
Q

the process of assiging an exact age

A

absolute dating

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8
Q

which states the law of nature that operates today

A

uniformitarism

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9
Q

gaps in rock

A

unconformities

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10
Q

remains or traces of organisms

A

fossils

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11
Q

what percentage of water on Earth is salt water

A

97%

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12
Q

what percentage of water on Earth is freshwater

A

3%

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13
Q

where is the majority of freshwater found

A

glaciers

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14
Q

where is the smaller percentage of fresh water found

A

lakes, rivers, ground water

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15
Q

what is percipitaion

A

rain snow sleet hail

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16
Q

what is runoff

A

water running off the land surface

17
Q

what is infiltraition

A

the process by which water enters earth and becomes groundwater below the surface

18
Q

what is transpiration

A

when plants release water vapor into the atmosphere through their leaves

19
Q

what is evaporation

A

when water enters the atmosphere as water vapor

20
Q

what is condensation

A

when water vapor collides with other water vapor molecules to form water droplets

21
Q

what is the water cycle

A

where freshwater moves from the land to the atmosphere

22
Q

what is an unsaturated zone for groundwater storage

A

a porous area where water easily passes through

23
Q

what is the saturated zone for groundwater storage

A

bemeath the saturated zone where water completely fills the pore space

24
Q

what is a water table

A

the upper boundary of the saturated zone

25
Q

`what does it mean if sediment is permeable

A

the material is easier water can infiltrate through the ground

26
Q

what is an aquifer

A

underground water source

27
Q

what is the name of the great plains aquifer

A

ogeallala

28
Q

how many states does the great plain aquifer run through

A

8

29
Q

what are the names of the states that the great plains aquifer runs through

A

new mexico, Wyoming, south Dakota, Colorado ,Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska

30
Q

what is an aquitard

A

keep water confined

31
Q

how are water springs formed

A

springs from where the water table naturally meets the Earth’s surface

32
Q

what is an artesian well

A

when drilled into a pressurized aquifer

33
Q

what is a cone of depression

A