Flash Cards from online work - Urinary
Which of the following describes the location of the kidneys?
Retroperitoneal at the level of T12 to L3
How do the kidneys regulate blood volume and blood?
By regulating water output
The process of separating wastes from the body fluids and eliminating them is called __________.
excretion
What is the order of urine-collecting structures found within the kidney?
Minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter
Which blood vessel carries blood into a glomerulus?
afferent arteriole
When there is a drop in blood pressure, the juxtaglomerular cells respond by secreting which of the following?
renin. Renin triggers chain reaction
That creates hormone angiotensin
That signals adrenal glands to release aldosterone
Your uncle has been diagnosed with renal insufficiency and placed on dialysis. He asks you why he has to take EPO now as well. What do you tell him?
Diseased kidneys no longer produce enough EPO, which can lead to anemia.
Erythropoietin - stimulates red bone marrow to make RBC’s
What is tubular secretion?
The movement of water and solutes from the blood into the tubular fluid. Transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubule. Opposite process of reabsorption. Secretion mainly caused by active transport and passive diffusion
If a patient presents with aStreptococcus viridansinfection, his doctor may prescribe oral penicillin taken four times daily.Why does he have to take the penicillin so often?
The renal tubules extract penicillin from the blood and secrete it into the urine. To keep enough in body so do job need to take reguraly
The primary function of the nephron loop is to generate a medullary ECF osmotic gradient that allows for what?
Elf is extra cellular fluid
The concentration of urine
A friend confides in you that she’s recently started taking a calcium supplement but then started having very painful urination. You suggest she go to a doctor to get checked for which of the following?
Renal calculi
In the kidney, tubular reabsorption refers to the movement of fluid and solutes where?
From the tubular fluid into the blood
Ie. The blood is reabsorbing the fluid hence reabsorption
Nephrons are the functional units of the kidneys, responsible for the processes of
removing wastes and excess h20 from blood
The process of glomerular filtration occurs within the
renal corpuscles of kidney nephrons.
This pressure-driven process moves materials from
the glomerulus into the capsular space across a thin, negatively charged filtration membrane.
The filtration membrane is composed of the
fenestrated endothelium of the glomerulus, the filtration slits of the podocytes found within the visceral glomerular capsule, and the porous basement membrane found between these two cell layers.
This membrane is size selective. It is permeable to smaller substances such as
ions, water, and glucose and impermeable to larger materials such as formed elements and most proteins.
systemic blood pressure drives the movement of what
movement of blood from the afferent arterioles into the glomerulus.
Changes in system blood pressure impact the blood flow into glomerulus, how do the arterioloes compensate for this
altering their diameter so that glomerular blood pressure will be maintained
as systemic blood pressure increases how does the arteriole react
decreases its diameter
Contraction resists The increased pressure
Thereby keeping blood flow consistent
as systemic blood pressure decreases how does the arteriole react
increases its diameter
By increasing in diameter compensates For reduced body in systemic system and maintains consistent flow to glomerular
the capsular space is the region where this collects
filtrate
what are the five substances that can cross the filtration membrane
urea; small protein; h20; ions; glucose; erythrocytes
Glomerular filtration is highly regulated because of its influence on
the amount of substances reabsorbed into the blood and the amount excreted in the urine.