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BIO 202 > Flash Cards from Lecture - Urinary > Flashcards

Flash Cards from Lecture - Urinary

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1
Q

RENAL CORTEX

A

MOST SUPERFICIAL REGION; DARK BROWN; MANY BLOOD VESSELS

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2
Q

RENAL MEDULLA

A

MIDDLE REGION; CONTAINS RENAL PYRAMID; AKA MEDULLARY PYRAMIDS

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3
Q

MEDULLARY PYRAMID

A

RENAL PYRAMID; CONTAIN LOOPING TUBULES OF NEPHRONS (AVG 7-11) ALSO CALLED LOBES; DARK CONE SHAPED; CONTAIN URINE COLLECTING TUBULES

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4
Q

RENAL COLUMN

A

PART OF RENAL CORTEX; SEPARATE RENAL PYRAMIDS FROM EACH OTHER; INWARD EXTENSIONS OF CORTEX; CONTAIN GLOMERULA

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5
Q

RENAL PELVIS

A

BASIN FOR COLLECTING URING; INNERMOST REGION OF KIDNEY; MAJOR CALYCES DRAIN INTO IT

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6
Q

MAJOR/MINOR CALYCES

A

FLUID FROM RENAL PAPILLA DRAIN INTO MINOR THEN INTO MAJOR CALYCES THEN INTO RENAL PELVIS

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7
Q

RENAL PAPILLA

A

At apex of renal pyramid; collecting ducts pass through; where urine flows into minor calyces

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8
Q

URETER

A

FIRST PART OF URINARY TRACT; LINED WITH TRANSISITIONAL EPITHELIUM; WALLS ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE FOR PERSITALSIS females is is short in males 4x longer 3 parts in males prostatic prostate gland) membranous c s pelvic diaphragm spongy( penis)

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9
Q

URINARY BLADDER

A

URETERS DRAIN INTO BLADDER VIA URETERAL ORIFICES; TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM; SMOOTH MUSCLE SOMETIMES CALLED DETRUSOR MUSCLE; 3 layers of muscle?? End narrows to form internal urethral sphincter

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10
Q

URETHRA

A

FINAL ORGAN OF URINARY SYSTEM;

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11
Q

NEPHRON

A

BLOOD FILTERING STRUCTURES OF KIDNEY; 2 PARTS RENAL CORPUSCLE AND RENAL TUBULE

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12
Q

GLOMERULUS

A

BALL OF LOOPING CAPILLARIES; NOT PRIMARY SITE OF GAS/NUTRIENT EXCHANGE

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13
Q

PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

A

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE BRANCHES FORM THIS; SURROUND TUBULES OF NEPHRON; DIFFUSION OF 02 AND CO2/NUTRIENTS DRAIN INTO INTERLOBULAR VEINS

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14
Q

PROXIMAL CONVULUTED TUBE

A

FIRST PART OF RENAL TUBE; TOUCHES GLOMERULUS

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15
Q

NEPHRON LOOP

A

PART OF RENAL TUBE

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16
Q

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBE

A

LAST PART OF RENAL TUBE, TOUCHES COLLECTION DUCT

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17
Q

CORTICAL COLLECTING DUCT

A

COLLECTING SYSTEM; NOT PART OF NEPHRON LOOP; IN RENAL CORTEX

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18
Q

MEDULLARY COLLECTING DUCT

A

COLLECTING SYSTEM; NOT PART OF NEPHRON LOOP; IN MEDULLA CORTEX

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19
Q

PAPILLARY DUCT

A

MEDULLARY COLLECTION DUCTS ENLARGE INTO THESE; EMPTY INTO MINOR CALYCES

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20
Q

RENAL CORPUSCLE 2 PARTS

A

GLOMERULUS AND ??

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21
Q

2 LAYERS OF GLOMERULUS CAPSULE

A

OUTER PARIETAL LAYER AND INNER VISCERAL LAYER THAT CONTAINS PODOCYTES

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22
Q

PODOCYTES

A

??

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23
Q

RENAL TUBE IS ALSO KNOW AS SLANG TERM

A

PLUMBING FOR THE KIDNEY

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24
Q

3 PARTS OF RENAL TUBE

A

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE; DESCENDING AND ASCENDING LIMBS OF NEPHRON LOOP; DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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25
Q

WHERE IS THE MAJORITY OF THE RENAL TUBULE LOCATED

A

IN RENAL CORTEX; ONLY NEPHRON LOOPS SLIP DOWN INTO MEDULLARY

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26
Q

NEPHRON IS MADE UP OF 2 PARTS

A

RENAL CORPUS AND RENAL TUBULE : DBL CHECK THIS

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27
Q

RENAL CORPUS 2 PARTS

A

GLOMERULUS AND GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

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28
Q

GLOMERULUS

A

BALL OF LOOPING CAPILLARIES

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29
Q

WHAT DO THE KIDNEYS FILTER OUT OF THE BLOOD

A

TOXINS, METABOLLIC WASTES; EXCESS H20 AND IONS

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30
Q

KIDNEYS FILTER WHAT

A

BLOOD

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31
Q

WHAT 3 NITROGENOUS WASTES FROM BLOOD DO THE KIDNEYS FILTER

A

UREA; URIC ACID; CREATINE

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32
Q

UREA COMES FROM

A

PROTEIN BREAKDOWN

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33
Q

URIC ACID COMES FROM

A

ALMOST INSOLUBLE; FROM PURIES (BEER/NUTS/BEANS)

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34
Q

CREATINE COMES FROM

A

PRODUCT OF METABOLISM

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35
Q

MAIN FUNCTIONS OF URINARY SYSTEM

A

FILTER BLOOD; REMOVE NITROGENOUS AND OTHER WASTES; REGULATE H20 AND ELECTROLYTES

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36
Q

KIDNEY AS A WHOLE IS WHAT TYPE OF ORGAN

A

A DIURETIC ORGAN; MEANING IT LOSES H20

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37
Q

WHAT HORMONE TELLS BODY TO HOLD ONTO H20

A

ADH ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE - MADE BY HYPOTHALAMUS AND STORED IN NEUROHYPOPHYSIS (POSTERIOR PITUITARY); BALANCES H20

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38
Q

WHAT HORMONE TELLS BODY TO RELEASE H20

A

ALDOSTERONE (STEROID) FROM ADRENAL CORTEX; BALANCES ELECTROLYTES

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39
Q

WHAT IS PROTECTING THE KIDNEYS POSTERIOLY

A

OBLIQUES; LATISIMUS DORSI; GLUTES

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40
Q

KIDNEYS ARE WHAT TYPE OF FANCY WORD POSITIONING

A

RETROPERITONEAL

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41
Q

RETROPERITONEAL MEANS

A

BEHIND THE PERITONEAL CAVITY

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42
Q

WHAT 3 LAYERS ARE THE KIDNEYS ENCASED IN

A

RENAL FASCIA; ADIPOSE CAPSULE; RENAL CAPSULE

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43
Q

RENAL FASCIA

A

??

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44
Q

ADIPOSE CAPSULE

A

??

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45
Q

RENAL CAPSULE

A

??

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46
Q

WHAT IS THE LOCATION, POSITIONING AND APPEARANCE OF EACH KIDNEY

A

RETROPERITONEAL - LOCATED BEHING THE PERITONEAL CAVITY; SUPERIOR PORTION OF KIDNEY IS LOCATED IN FRONT OF LOWEST RIB BONE/ CHECK THE RIB PART WITH TEACH

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47
Q

WHERE IS THE HILUS LOCATED AND WHAT DOES IT LOOK LIKE

A

??

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48
Q

2 MAJOR REGIONS OF THE KIDNEY

A

RENAL CORTEX (OUTER REGION); MEDULLA (INNER REGION)

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49
Q

HOW MANY LOBES DO HUMAN KIDNEYS HAVE

A

IS THIS THE MEDULLARY PYRAMID????

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50
Q

WHAT DOES THE LOBE CONSIST OF

A

?? ASK IS THIS THE MEDULLARY PYRAMID

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51
Q

RENAL PELVIS (BASIN)

A

SERVES AS A BASIN FOR COLLECTING URINE FROM MAJOR CALYCES

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52
Q

MAJOR AND MINOR CALYCES

A

FLUID FROM RENAL PAPILLA DRAIN INTO MINOR CALYCES THEN TO MAJOR CALYCES AND THEN TO RENAL PELVIS/BASIN

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53
Q

WHAT ENTERS THROUGH RENAL ARTERY

A

OXYGENATED UNFILTERED BLOOD (IE BLOOD/WASTER/H20)

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54
Q

WHAT LEAVES THROUGH RENAL VEIN

A

DEOXYGENATED FILTERED BLOOD (IE BLOOD WITHOUT WASTE/EXCESS WATER)

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55
Q

WHAT LEAVES THROUGH THE URETHRA

A

URINE (PROCESSED BLOOD PLASMA) (IE( EXCESS H20 AND TOXIC WASTE IN THE FORM OF URINE)

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56
Q

3 KEY ENTRY POINTS

A

MAY HAVE MISHEARD BUT CHECK - RENAL ARTERY IS ONLY WAY INTO KIDNEY

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57
Q

WHAT ARE THE MAIN STRUCTURES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

A

KIDNEY; URETER; BLADDER; URETHRA

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58
Q

WHAT ARE WAYS TO TELL THE IVC FROM THE ABDOMINAL AORTA

A

AORTA HAS MANY MORE BRANCHES COMING OFF IT THAN IVC

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59
Q

RENAL ARTERY IS CARRYING WHAT

A

OXYGENATED BLOOD AND UNFILTERED

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60
Q

RENAL VEIN IS CARRYING

A

DEOXYGENATED FILTERED BLOOD

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61
Q

URETER CARRIES WHAT

A

WASTES GO INTO URETEER (CALLED URINE) AND EXCESS H20

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62
Q

WHICH SIDE OF THE BODY IS THE PULMONARY CIRCUIT

A

RIGHT SIDE; CALLED PULMONARY BECAUSE BLOOD IS FLOWING TO THE LUNGS (PUMONARY)

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63
Q

WHICH SIDE OF THE BODY IS THE SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT

A

LEFT SIDE; CALLED SYSTEMIC BECAUSE BLOOD IS FLOWING TO EVERY SYSTEM IN THE BODY

64
Q

HOW DOES OXYGENATED BLOOD LEAVE THE GLOMERULUS

A

VIA THE EFFERENT TUBE

65
Q

WHAT TYPE OF BLOOD ENTERS THE AFFERENT TUBE AND EXITS THE EFFERENT TUBE

A

OXYGENATED

66
Q

HOW DOES BLOOD ENTER THE GLOMERULUS

A

THE AFFERENT TUBE

67
Q

PUBIS SYMPHYSIS

A

WHERE PUBIC BONES MEET; KEEPS BONES TOGETHER; LARGER AREA UNDERNEATH IN FEMALES FOR CHILD BIRTH

68
Q

WHAT ARE SOME WAYS TO TELL THE LEFT SIDE OF THE BODY FROM THE RIGHT SIDE

A

LEFT KIDNEY SITS A LITTLE HIGHER: WHY??; LOTS OF BRANCHES OFF AORTA AND SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT IS LEFT SIDE OF BODY

69
Q

WHY DO VEINS REQUIRE LESS ENERGY TO MOVE BLOOD

A

ARE WIDER AND THEREFORE UNDER LESS PRESSURE; ARTERIES ARE MORE NARROW AND SO REQUIRE MORE PRESSURE TO MOVE FLUID THROUGH; HEART PUMPING CREATES THAT PRESSURE

70
Q

WHAT IS THE BLOOD FLOW PATH IN THE KIDNEY FROM AORTA TO IVC

A

AORTA - ASCENDING AORTA - AORTIC ARCH - DESCENDING AORTA - THORACIC AORTA - ABDOMINAL AORTA - RENAL ARTER - SEGMENTAL ARTERIES - INTERLOBAR ARTERIES - ARCUATE ARTERIES - AFFERENT ARTERIOLE - INTERLOBULAR ARTERY - GLOMERULAR CAPSULE - EFFERENT ARTERIOLE - PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES - INTERLOBULAR VEIN - ARCUATE VEIN - INTERLOBAR VEIN - RENAL VEIN - INFERIOR VENA CAVA

71
Q

BLOOD FLOW

A

AORTA GIVES RISE TO R/L RENAL ARTERIES - RENAL ARTERIES DIVIDE TO SEGMENTED ARTERIES - SEGMENTED ARTERIES BRANCH INTO LOBAR ARTERIES - LOBAR ARTERIES BRANCH INTO INTERLOBULAR ARTERIES - DIVIDE INTO ARCUATE ARTERIES - ARCUATES GO INTO CORTEX (ASK THIS DOES NOT MAKE SENSE - TURNS INTO CORTICAL RADIATE ARTERIES GIVES RISE TO GLOMERULAR ARTERIOLES.

72
Q

WHERE DO THE INTERLOBARS ARTERIES DIVIDE INTO THE ARCUATE ARTERIES

A

AT THE JUNCTION OF THE MEDULLA AND CORTEX

73
Q

WHERE DO THE RENAL ARTERIES DIVIDE INTO SEGMENTED ARTERIES

A

AT THE HILUS

74
Q

WHERE DO THE NEPHRONS START

A

AT THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

75
Q

URINIFEROUS TUBULE

A

?? ANATOMICAL UNIT FOR FORMING URINE

76
Q

WHAT ARE TWO PARTS OF URINIFEROUS TUBULE

A

NEPHRON AND COLLECTING DUCT

77
Q

2 PARTS OF NEPHRON

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE AND TUBULAR SECTION

78
Q

RENAL CORPUSCLE 2 PARTS, WHERE LOCATED

A

GLOMERULUS (TUFT OF CAPILLARIES) AND GLOMERULAR (BOWMANS) CAPSULE

79
Q

BOWMANS CAPSULE

A

ALSO CALLED GLOMERULAR CAPSULE

80
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE SECTIONS OF THE TUBULAR SECTION

A

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (TOUCHES GLOMERULUS); LOOP OF HENLE (NEPHRON LOOP); DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE (TOUCHES COLLECTING DUCT

81
Q

WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR NEPHRON LOOP

A

LOOP OF HENLE?? DOUBLE CHECK THIS

82
Q

ALL BLOOD HAS TO PASS THROUGH THIS TO BE FILTERED

A

GLOMERULUS IN CORTEX

83
Q

WHERE ELSE CAN GLOMERULUS BE FOUND

A

IN RENAL COLUMN AS THAT IS CORTEX AS WELL

84
Q

RENAL PELVIS IS ALSO CALLED RENAL____

A

RENAL BASIN

85
Q

MEDULLARY COLLECTING DUCTS FLOW INTO

A

MINOR CALYCES

86
Q

MEDULLARY COLLECTING DUCTS

A

??

87
Q

GLOMERULUS IS ALWAYS LOCATED WHERE

A

IN THE CORTEX

88
Q

WHERE IS THE NEPHRON LOOP ALWAYS LOCATED

A

IN THE MEDULLA

89
Q

WHAT ARE ABMNORMAL CONSTITUTES OF URINE

A

ALBUMIN; FINISH THIS

90
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE KEY STEPS TO THE FUNCTION OF THE URINIFEROUS TUBULES

A

FILTRATION; REABSORPTION; SECRETION

91
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN FILTRATION

A

FILTRATION HAPPENS IN GLOMERULUS (FLUID IS SQUEEZED OUT OF THE GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY BED) - HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE IN GLOMERULUS FORCES BLOOD/WASTES INTO GLOMERULAR CAPSULE (CALLED FILTRATE HERE); DOUBLE CHECK THIS

92
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN REABSORPTION

A

FILTRATE FLOWS INTO PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE TO NEPHRON LOOP TO DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE AND THEN TO COLLECTING DUCT

93
Q

MOST NUTRIENTS/H20/ESSENTIAL IONS ARE RETURNED TO BLOOD OF THE PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES

A

IS THIS A CORRET STATEMENT - ASK TEACH

94
Q

WHERE IS THE LAST PLACE THAT EXCESS H20 CAN BE REABSORBED

A

IN THE COLLECTING DUCT; AFTER THAT IT IS GONE

95
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN SECRETION

A

MOVES ADDITIONAL UNDESIRABLE MOLECULES INTO TUBULE FROM BLOOD PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES; DOUBLE CHECK THIS

96
Q

WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO BE DIURETIC

A

RELEASING H20

97
Q

WHAT HORMONES PLAY ROLES IN THE FUNCTIONING OF THE KIDNEY

A

ADH AND ALDOSTERONE

98
Q

ADH

A

ANTI DIURETIC HORMONE (RETAIN H20);

99
Q

ALDOSTERONE

A

(REABSORB H20/SODIUM; SECRETE POTASSIUM; DOUBLE CHECK THIS

100
Q

HOW MUCH DO THE KIDNEYS FILTER EACH DAY

A

180 LITERS

101
Q

HOW MUCH IS REABSORBED EACH DAY

A

ABOUT 95% OR 178 - 179 LITERS

102
Q

URINIFEROUS TUBULE - 2 PARTS

A

??

103
Q

WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURES IN THE UNIFERIOUS TUBULE

A

??

104
Q

2 MAJOR AREAS OF NEPHRON

A

??

105
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 KEY TUBULAR REGIONS OF THE NEPHRONS TUBULAR SECTION

A

??

106
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN EACH REGION

A

??

107
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN EACH REGION

A

??

108
Q

WHAT HAPPENS IN EACH REGION

A

??

109
Q

WHAT ARE THE KEY MINERALS??

A

??

110
Q

COLLECTING DUCTS FUNCTION TO

A

??

111
Q

HOW DOES ADH PLAY A ROLE IN THE COLLECTING DUCTS

A

??

112
Q

WHAT IS THE PATH OF FILTRATE

A

GLOMERULAR CAPRSULE TO PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE TO NEPHRON LOOP TO DISTAL CONVOLUTED LOOP TO COLLECTING DUCT

113
Q

ALL THE GLOMERULUS DOES IS

A

FILTER AND ONLY LOCATED IN CORTEX AND COLUMNAR CORTEX

114
Q

NEPHRON LOOP IS ONLY LOCATED IN WHAT AREA

A

MEDULLA

115
Q

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE URETER

A

THE FIRST PART OF THE URINARY TRACT; LINED WITH TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM; SMOOTH MUSCLE WALLS FOR PERISTALSIS

116
Q

WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE BLADDER

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM; SMOOTH MUSCLE (DETRUSOR MUSCLE); FOLDS CALLED RUGAE (EXPAND WHEN FILLED WITH URINE); INFERIOR PORTION IS A TRIANGULAR SHAPED AREA CALLED TRIGONE THAT OPENS INTO URETHRA

117
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE BLADDER

A

??

118
Q

WHAT IS THE STRUCUTRE OF THE URETHRA

A

FINAL ORGAN OF URINARY SYSTEM; IN FEMALES THEY ARE VERY SHORT; IN MALES THEY ARE LONG; 2 RINGS OF MUSCLE; INTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER (SMOOTH MUSCLE) AND EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER (SKELETAL MUSCLE) - WHEN BOTH SPHINCTERS RELAX - URINE IS RELEASED

119
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE URETHRA

A

??

120
Q

TRIGONE

A

??

121
Q

WHERE IS THE URETHRA LOCATED IN FEMALES

A

ANTERIOR TO VAGINA; INFERIOR TO UTERUS (THIS IS WHY PREGNANT WOMEN HAVE TO PEE ALL THE TIME - ENLARGED UTERUS SITS ON BLADDER)

122
Q

IN MALES THE URETHRA HAS 3 DIVISIONS

A

PROSTATIC URETHRA; MEMBRANOUS URETHRA; SPONGY URETHRA

123
Q

PROSTATIC URETHRA

A

??

124
Q

MEMBRANOUS URETHRA

A

??

125
Q

SPONGY URETHRA

A

??

126
Q

WHERE IS URETHRA LOCATED IN MALES

A

ANTERIOR TO RECTUM

127
Q

WHAT IS MICTURATION - OTHER NAMES FOR IT

A

VOIDING; URINATING; EMPTYING THE BLADDER; PEEING

128
Q

WHAT AREA OF THE BRAIN CONTROLS MICTURATION

A

PONS

129
Q

WHAT PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROLS THE URGE TO VOID

A

PARASYMPATHERIC

130
Q

WHAT PART OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CONTROLS THE URGE TO INHIBIT MICTURATION

A

SYMPATHETIC

131
Q

NORMAL CONSTITUTES OR URINE

A

AMMONIA; SULPHATE; PHOSPHATE; CHLORIDE; MAGNESIUM; CALCIUM; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; CREATINE; URIC ACID; UREA

132
Q

WHAT IS MOST PROMINENT CONSTITUENT OF URINE

A

UREA

133
Q

WHAT IS URINE MADE UP OF

A

95% H20; NITROGENOUS WASTES, EXCESS IONS

134
Q

WHAT IS AVERAGE OUTPUT OF URINE IN A DAY

A

POTASSIUM; HYDROGEN; URIC ACID

135
Q

WHAT CAN WE LEARN FROM URINE

A

PRESENCE OF CHEMICALS; TOXINS; DISEASE; INJURY

136
Q

WHY USE URINALYSIS

A

??

137
Q

WHAT IS NORMAL COLOR OF URINE

A

LIGHT YELLOW - COMES FROM METABOLIC BREAKDOWN OF HEMOGLOBIN BY BILE

138
Q

WHAT IS ABNORMAL COLOR OF URINE

A

??

139
Q

WHAT IS NORMAL ODOR OF URINE

A

AMMONIA LIKE;

140
Q

WHAT IS ABNORMAL ODOR OF URINE

A

IF A FRUITY ODOR COULD DENOTE DIABETE MELLITUS

141
Q

WHAT COULD ABNORMAL COLOR IN URINE MEAN

A

??

142
Q

WHAT COULD ABNORMAL ODOR IN URINE MEAN

A

??

143
Q

WHAT IS NORMAL pH OF URINE

A

??

144
Q

WHAT CAN ABNORMAL pH MEAN

A

??

145
Q

WHAT DOES SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE MEAN

A

DENSITY OF URINE VS DENSITY OF CONTROL (EX H20)

146
Q

WHAT IS NORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE

A

??

147
Q

WHAT COULD A LOW SPECIFIC GRAVITY INDICATE

A

DRINKING EXCESS H20; INJURY OR TUMOR OF PITUITARY GLAND

148
Q

WHAT COULD ABNORMAL SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE MEAN

A

??

149
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING GLUCOSE IN URINE MEAN

A

GLUCOSURIA - EXCESS CARB INTAKE; STRESS; DIABETES MELLITUS

150
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING PROTEINS IN URINE MEAN (INCLUDING ALBUMIN)

A

CAUSES INCREASE IN GLOMERULAR MEMBRANE THAT MAY BE ALLOWING OTHER MOLECULES TO PASS THAT NORMALLY WOULD NOT BE ABLE TO

151
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING KETONES IN URINE MEAN

A

KETONURIA - DIABETES MELLITUS

152
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING BILE PIGMENTS IN URINE MEAN

A

BILIRUBINURIA - LIVER ISSUES; HEPATITIS; CIRRHOSIS

153
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING RED BLOOD CELLS IN URINE MEAN

A

HEMOGLOBINURIA - FRAGMENTATION OF HEMOLYSIS OF RBC’S; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; TRANSFUSION REACTIONS; BURNS; RENAL DISEASE

154
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING WHITE BLOOD CELLS IN URINE MEAN

A

PYURIA - UTI’S; INFLAMMATION OF URINARY TRACT

155
Q

WHAT CAN FINDING CASTS IN URINE MEAN

A

HARDENED CYLINDRICAL CELL FRAGMENTS; INDICATE RENAL DAMAGE; COULD BE WBC’S, RBC’S, OR FATTY CASTS

BIO 202 (14 decks)

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