Flash Card #7

Question 1

what is Mutation?

Answer 1

change in the DNA code

Question 2

What is Good/Beneficial?

Answer 2

helps an organism to
better adapt to its environment;

Question 3

What is Neutral?

Answer 3

common; neither helpful or
harmful

Question 4

What is Bad/Harmful?

Answer 4

CANCER; no fertilization,
dead embryo, dead fetus, dead newborn
(miscarriage); genetic disorders/defects
(Hemophilia, Cystic Fibrosis).

Question 5

What are the three types of Mutation?

Answer 5

Substitution, Deletion, and Addition

Question 6

What is Substitution?

Answer 6

remove a base pair, then
in its place add a new base pair

Question 7

What is Deletion?

Answer 7

remove a base pair only

Question 8

What is Addition?

Answer 8

add a base pair

Question 9

What are the cause of Mutation?

Answer 9

chemical, radiation, genetic, and fried foods

Question 10

What does Variation allow?

Answer 10

allows a species to best adapt
to a rapidly changing environment thereby
increasing chance of survival.

Question 11

What is multiply alleles?

Answer 11

Human Blood Types

Question 12

What is many gene trait?

Answer 12

Human skin color, human eye color

Question 13

What does a sex chromosome determine?

Answer 13

male/female
normal vs. red-green colorblind vision
with/ without hemophilia
muscular dystrophy other traits

Question 14

What is a sex linked gene?

Answer 14

genes carried on sex
chromosomes; example red-green colorblindness

Question 15

What is a carrier?

Answer 15

a person who does not show the observable trait but is carrying the hidden recessive allele on the sex chromosome

Question 16

What is Cystic Fibrosis?

Answer 16

mucus in lungs & intestines;
mutation (deletion) of 3 base pairs.

Question 17

What is Sickle-Cell Anemia?

Answer 17

sickle shape red blood cells which can not carry much oxygen; codominant allele

Question 18

What is Hemophilia?

Answer 18

slow or no blood clotting; recessive
allele (sex-linked disorder).

Question 19

What is Down Syndrome?

Answer 19

extra copy of chromosome 21
causing a form of mental retardation;
Normal 21: II-shaped (2 chromatids)
Down Syndrome 21: III-shaped (3 chromatids)

Question 20

What is a Karyotype?

Answer 20

picture of all chromosomes from
within a (body) cell