Flash Card #4
What is food?
provides the materials for energy, growth
and repair of tissues
What is a calorie?
amount of energy needed to raise the
temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius
What is metabolism?
represents the sum of all chemical
reactions that takes place within an organism
What are nutrients?
substances in food that provide the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all vital processes. There are six (6)
nutrients
What are the six nutrients?
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water
What are carbohydrates?
major source of quick
energy; provides the raw materials to make parts of cells
What are fats?
stored energy. Fats form part of the cell membrane and fatty tissue protects and supports your internal organs and
insulates your body. Brain Development
What is protein?
needed for tissue growth and
repair/maintenance. Proteins play a role in chemical reactions
within the cell
Why are vitamins and minerals needed?
Vitamins and Minerals are needed in small amounts to carry out chemical reactions.
Why is water important?
is important because the chemical reactions take place in water; blood flows due to water; joints lubricated by water; body temperature is regulated by water (perspiration/sweat).
What is the circulatory system?
a tube system which carries nutrients to body cells and carries away waste. Blood
moves through these tubes
carrying nutrients and waste as well as contains cells
that fight disease.
What does the heart consist of?
consists of four
(4) chambers that
pumps blood through
out body
What is the Atria?
upper chambers
that receives blood
What are the ventricles?
lower chambers that pumps
blood away from heart
What does the right ventricles do?
pumps blood to lungs
What does the left ventricles do?
pumps blood to
body (aorta)
What do valve (veins) do?
prevents backflow (due to
lower blood pressure)
What does the pacemaker do?
sends out electrical signal to
heart; heart muscle contracts regularly.
What do arteries do?
carries blood AWAY from heart, 3 cell layers, thick walled, under high blood pressure
What do veins do?
carries blood to heart; has valves
What are capillaries?
tiny thread-like vessels for nutrient & waste exchange between blood and body cells
What is a pulse?
expansion and relaxation of the artery wall
What is diffusion (osmosis)?
movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (through membrane)
How is blood pressure caused?
caused by the contraction
of the heart’s ventricles. As blood moves away
from the heart, blood pressure decreases
What does blood composition have in it?
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets; produced by the red bone marrow
What is plasma?
liquid part; 90% water, 10% nutrients (glucose, fat, vitamins, minerals), waste: “CO2, water vapor”, proteins, chemical messengers.
What are red blood cells?
carries oxygen to body cells; contains hemoglobin (iron protein); lifespan 4 months; if blood bright red, oxygen present, if blood dark red/brown, no oxygen present
What are white blood cells?
disease fighting cells; lifespan
months-years; specialized cells
What are platelets?
clot blood; produces fibrin protein
What is a blood type?
surface molecules found on
red blood cells
What is a RH factor?
also surface molecules found
on red blood cells
What is transfusion?
transfer of blood from one
organism to another organism; if blood clumps, clogs capillaries, results in death
What is the lymphatic (filtering system)?
cleans and returns fluid to Circulatory System
What is a lymph?
contains water, glucose, white
blood cells
What are Lymph nodes?
traps invaders
microorganisms (bacteria); node – “filter”
How many cells does the human body consist of?
Human body consists of 30-60 trillion body cells
What is the respiratory system?
moves oxygen from
atmosphere to body cells; removes gaseous waste (CO2 & water vapor)
What is respiration?
is the chemical reaction:
Sugar + oxygen → energy + CO2 + water vapor
What is breathing?
the movement of air into and
out of the lungs
Where does the air enter in the nose?
air enters through nostrils
What is the pharynx?
throat; shared with digestive
system
What is the larynx?
voice box; vocal cords
What is the trachea?
windpipe; tube from pharynx to
bronchus (lung)
What is the epiglottis?
trachea (windpipe) flap during
swallowing of food & liquids
What is the bronchi?
tube branches within lungs
What is the lung?
organ that transfers gases from the environment (atmosphere) into or out of the Circulatory System
What is the alveoli?
grapelike structures at end of
bronchioles surrounded by capillaries
What is the gas exchange within the lungs?
Oxygen [O2] enters and CO2 / H2Og leaves the Circulatory System thru the lung’s alveoli (capillary walls) by osmosis (high → low concentration).
What is the excretory system?
collects and removes waste;solids - rectum of Digestive System, liquids - kidneys of Urinary System, gases - lungs of Respiratory System.
What is urology?
the study of the urine and the
genitourinary tract in health and disease.
What is proctology?
the branch of medicine concerned with the anus and rectum.
What are the excretory organs?
kidneys, lungs, skin
ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
What are kidneys?
organ which removes liquid waste from the blood; a “filter”; humans have 2 kidneys
What is the urea?
breakdown of protein (yellow color)
What are liquid wastes?
urine (urea, water, other)
What is a ureter?
tube which connects from kidneys to urinary bladder
What is the urinary bladder?
saclike muscular organ which
stores urine
What is the urethra?
tube which connects urinary bladder to
outside of body
What is the function of the kidney?
contain many nephrons; Each
nephron filters the blood. By the process
of osmosis (diffusion), urea and some
water is removed but sugar and much of
the water is returned to the blood
(reabsorption). The urine is then stored in
the urinary bladder for future removal from
the body
What the function of the nephron?
filter liquid toxins removed (Urine)
water reabsorbed/saved
