Flash Card #6
What is the Nucleus?
membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists
of two chromatids held together by a
centromere.
What is a chromosome?
X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.
What is a DNA molecule?
consisting of genes, the
“code of life”
What is an organism?
½ genes mom + ½ genes dad
What is an interphase?
chromosomes can not be seen;
doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane
present; 99% of cell life.
What is a prophase?
spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen
(randomly arranged).
What is a metaphase?
chromosomes line up in the Middle,
no nuclear membrane.
What is an anaphase?
chromosomes move Apart (Away)
What is a telophase?
Two joined cells; two nuclear
membranes form
What is a cytokinesis?
Two separated daughter cells form.
What is mitosis?
are identical
What is cell division?
growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism
What is Asexual reproduction?
simple life, 1 parent / 2 daughter cells parent/daughter cells identical appearance
(genes) parent/daughter cell same number of
chromosomes
What is cancer?
abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.
What is the cause of cancer?
Mutations are caused by: 1] Chemicals (carcinogens; ex: smoking, gasoline, alcohol, fried foods) 2] Radiation (high dose; atomic bomb, nuclear reactor meltdown Chernobyl (for Simon), Ukraine) 3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)
What are cancer treatments?
surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.
What are preventions of cancer?
avoid smoking, eat healthy diet,
protect skin from bright sunlight. Vitamins may
help.
What is a gene?
allele (dad) + allele (mom)
What is an allele?
T or t
What is a purebred?
same alleles (gene); TT, tt
What is an hybrid?
mixture of alleles; Tt
What is a dominant?
shows itself (strong); Tt, TT
What is a recessive?
often hidden (weak); tt
What is an offspring?
children
What is a punnett square?
is a technique used to predict what
percentage of offspring (children) will be likely to
have a particular trait (physical feature).
What is a trait?
physical (behavioral) feature of organism
What are some examples of a trait?
What is the chance my child will have Down’s
Syndrome?, autism? What is the chance my child will have blue eyes? What is the chance that I am carrying the breast cancer gene?
What is a genotype?
the genetic makeup of an organism
What is a phenotype?
the physical observable appearance of
an organism.
