Flash Card #6

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1
Q

What is the Nucleus?

A

membrane bound control center of
cell containing X-shaped structures called
chromosomes. Each chromosome consists
of two chromatids held together by a
centromere.

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2
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

X-shaped structure
consisting of a single DNA molecule.

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3
Q

What is a DNA molecule?

A

consisting of genes, the
“code of life”

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4
Q

What is an organism?

A

½ genes mom + ½ genes dad

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5
Q

What is an interphase?

A

chromosomes can not be seen;
doubling of chromosomes; nuclear membrane
present; 99% of cell life.

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6
Q

What is a prophase?

A

spindle fibers form; chromosomes seen
(randomly arranged).

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7
Q

What is a metaphase?

A

chromosomes line up in the Middle,
no nuclear membrane.

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8
Q

What is an anaphase?

A

chromosomes move Apart (Away)

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9
Q

What is a telophase?

A

Two joined cells; two nuclear
membranes form

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10
Q

What is a cytokinesis?

A

Two separated daughter cells form.

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11
Q

What is mitosis?

A

are identical

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12
Q

What is cell division?

A

growth (embryo, fetus, infancy → adulthood) and
repair/maintanence of an organism

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13
Q

What is Asexual reproduction?

A

simple life, 1 parent / 2 daughter cells parent/daughter cells identical appearance
(genes) parent/daughter cell same number of
chromosomes

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14
Q

What is cancer?

A

abnormal cell division; uncontrolled
mitosis; certain DNA mutations cause cells to
divide in an uncontrolled way.

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15
Q

What is the cause of cancer?

A

Mutations are caused by: 1] Chemicals (carcinogens; ex: smoking, gasoline, alcohol, fried foods) 2] Radiation (high dose; atomic bomb, nuclear reactor meltdown Chernobyl (for Simon), Ukraine) 3] Hereditary (ex: breast cancer)

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16
Q

What are cancer treatments?

A

surgery, radiation, drugs,
immunotherapy.

17
Q

What are preventions of cancer?

A

avoid smoking, eat healthy diet,
protect skin from bright sunlight. Vitamins may
help.

18
Q

What is a gene?

A

allele (dad) + allele (mom)

19
Q

What is an allele?

A

T or t

20
Q

What is a purebred?

A

same alleles (gene); TT, tt

21
Q

What is an hybrid?

A

mixture of alleles; Tt

22
Q

What is a dominant?

A

shows itself (strong); Tt, TT

23
Q

What is a recessive?

A

often hidden (weak); tt

24
Q

What is an offspring?

A

children

25
Q

What is a punnett square?

A

is a technique used to predict what
percentage of offspring (children) will be likely to
have a particular trait (physical feature).

26
Q

What is a trait?

A

physical (behavioral) feature of organism

27
Q

What are some examples of a trait?

A

What is the chance my child will have Down’s
Syndrome?, autism? What is the chance my child will have blue eyes? What is the chance that I am carrying the breast cancer gene?

28
Q

What is a genotype?

A

the genetic makeup of an organism

29
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

the physical observable appearance of
an organism.