Flagellates 3

Question 1

What is the cause of Blackhead in turkey?

Answer 1

Histomonas meleagridis

Question 2

In which poultry populations is Histomonas meleagridis the most prevalent?

Answer 2

Breeder and layer flocks

Question 3

True or False:

Histomonas meleagridis exits in both the trophozoite and cyst stages.

Answer 3

FALSE

NO cyst!!!

Question 4

What are the modes of transmission for the trophozoite of Histomonas meleagridis?

Answer 4

From contaminated bedding with fresh feces (cloacal drinking)

Paratenic hosts

Question 5

What is the primary mode of transmission for Histomonas meleagridis?

Answer 5

Heterakis (the cecal worm)

Question 6

Explain the life cycle of Histomonas meleagridis.

Answer 6

Trophozoites localize in lumen of ceca

Invade cecal wall

Extend to liver via venous blood

Multiply asexually

Question 7

Which lesions are pathognomonic for Histomonas meleagridis?

Answer 7

Liver lesions (circular concave foci of various colors and sizes)

Question 8

In which population of cattle is Tritrichomonas foetus more common?

Answer 8

Older bulls

Question 9

Which two stages does Tritrichomonas foetus go through?

Answer 9

Trophozoite

Pseudocyst

Question 10

How is Tritrichomonas foetus transmitted?

Answer 10

Venereally:

1. Mechanically during coitus
2. Iatrogenic during AI

Question 11

Concerning Tritrichomonas foetus:

1. Cows become infertile for ___ to ___ months.
2. Cows develop a short term immunity and regain fertility in ___ to ___ months.

Answer 11

1. 2-6 months
2. 1-4 months

Question 12

What are the other differentials for Tritrichomonas foetus?

Answer 12

Vibriosis

Leptospirosis

Brucellosis

Campylobacter fetus subspecies veneralis

Question 13

What might you sample in a cow suspected of a Tritrichomonas foetus infection?

Answer 13

Cervico-vaginal mucus

Uterine discharge (pyometra)

Question 14

What might you sample in a fetus with a dam suspected of Tritrichomonas foetus?

Answer 14

Abomasal contents

Placental fluids

Question 15

When taking samples to check for a Tritrichomonas foetus infection, you want to avoid contamination of the sample with feces. What else should you avoid?

Answer 15

Contamination with blood

Question 16

Which 2 diseases does Trichomonas gallinae cause in poultry?

Answer 16

Canker

&

Frounce

Question 17

Which stages are there within the life cycle of Trichomonas gallinae?

Answer 17

Trophozoite

NO CYST STAGE

Question 18

How is Trichomonas gallinae transmitted?

Answer 18

Oral-oral transmission of trophozoites :

Adult to young via crop milk

Adult to adult during courtship

Contaminated water

Question 19

What is the infective stage of Trichomonas gallinae?

Answer 19

Trophozoites

Question 20

You see the following lesions; what organism do you suspect is involved?

Answer 20

Raised accumulations of caseous yellow to white exudate plaques present on mucosal surfaces of the mouth, crop, and sinuses

Question 21

Tritrichomonas blagburni infects which species?

Answer 21

Feline

Question 22

In which environments is Tritrichomonas blagburni most prevalent?

Answer 22

Shelters

Cat colonies

Multi-cat households

(Usually less than 1 year old)

Question 23

How is spread of Tritrichomonas blagburni believed to occur?

Answer 23

Direct contact from cat to cat

Question 24

What is the cause of Trichomoniasis in humans?

Answer 24

Trichomonas vaginalis

Question 25

Which Apicomplexan has the simplest life cycle?

Answer 25

Eimeria

Question 26

What is the disease called caused by an Eimeria infection?

Answer 26

Coccidiosis

Question 27

1. Eimeria is an obligate intracellular parasite, usually in which type of cells?
2. In what other tissues might they house themselves?

Answer 27

1. Gut epithelial cells
2. Lacteal endothelium, kidneys, bile duct