Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology 376 > Arthropod 1 > Flashcards

Arthropod 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 classes of arthropods we will be concerned with?

A

Insecta

Arachnida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False:
The majority of arthropods are parasites.

A

FALSE

Few live directly at the expense of other animals (parasites)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Live on, or burrow into, or feed off of the surface of their hosts epidermis.

A

Ectoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are 3 “types” of parasitism?

A
  1. Obligatory or facultative
  2. Continuous association or intermittent association
  3. Highly host specific or not highly host specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some examples of direct ectoparasite damage?

A

Annoyance

Blood loss

Myiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is myiasis?

A

Infection of a host with maggots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some examples of indirect ectoparasite damage?

A

Behavioral changes

Self-trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 2 “types” of arthropod vectors?

A

Mechanical

Biological

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of transmission is this:

Transmission from one host to another via pathogen contamination of the mouthparts of an arthropod, which then physically carries it to another host.

A

Mechanical transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of transmission is this:

A pathogen undergoes developmental changes in the vector, but does not multiply.

A

Biological transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of transmission is this:

A pathogen multiplies within the vector without any developmental changes.

A

Biological transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of transmission is this:

A pathogen undergoes developmental changes and multiplies within the vector.

A

Biological transmission

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The efficiency of a vector is dependent upon what 3 factors?

A

Feeding habits

Environment

Genetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are 2 physical characteristics of an arthropod?

A

Segmented body (head, thorax, abdomen)

Exoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
A

A. Trachea

B. Tracheoles

C. Spiracles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the functional equivalent of a heart?

A

Dorsal vessel

17
Q

True or False:
Arthropods have both a central and a peripheral nervous system.

A

TRUE

18
Q

Which neurotransmitter is unique to the invertebrates?

A

Glutamate-gated chloride channels

19
Q

Which neurotransmitter does the arthropod have in common with its hosts?

A

Acetylcholine receptor

20
Q
  1. Which of the BIG 3 would be effective against these insects?
  2. Why?
A
  1. Macrocyclic lactones
  2. Macrocyclic lactones target the glutamate-gated chloride channels in invertebrates
21
Q

What secretes the cuticle of the exoskeleton?

A

Epidermis

22
Q

What are the 3 layers of the cuticle?

A

Endocuticle

Exocuticle

Epicuticle

23
Q

Define the following:

As an arthropod grows it must shed the limiting older exoskeleton and lay down a new elastic cutilce, and then shed the old one.

A

Molting OR ecdysis

24
Q

Simplistic view of molting or ecdysis:

  1. Ecdysone is released into the _____.
  2. Ecdysone is converted to _____, the active form of the enzyme.
  3. In response to the (answer to #2), the cells of the _____ proceed to initiate molting.
A
  1. Ecdysone is released into the hemolymph.
  2. Exdysone is converted to 20-hydroxyecdysone, the active form of the enzyme.
  3. In response to the hydroxyecdysone, the cells of the epidermis proceed to initiate molting.
25
Q
  1. Define apolysis
  2. During what process is this taking place?
A
  1. Apolysis: the old cuticle undergoes detachment from the epidermal layer
  2. This occurs during molting (ecdysis)
26
Q

What role do enzymes play in molting?

A

Enzymes digest the old endocuticle

27
Q

Hemimetabolous

A

Incomplete metamorphosis

28
Q

Holometabolous

A

Complete metamorphosis

29
Q

What stages are present in an incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous)?

A

Egg - Larva - Nymph - Adult

30
Q

What stages are present in a complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)?

A

Egg - Larva - Pupa - Adult

31
Q

Hemimetabolous vs. Holometabolous

  1. In which of these does the juvenile stage look similar to the adult?
  2. In which of these does the juvenile larva stage go through a pupal stage before becomming an adult?
A
  1. Hemimetabolous
  2. Holometabolous
32
Q

Juvenile hormone prevents _____ but does not interfere with _____.

A

Juvenile hormone prevents metamorphosis but does not interfere with molting.

33
Q

What would cause an arthopod to remain in larval form during molting?

A

High juvenile hormones

34
Q

Insecta and arachnida are classes of which phylum?

A

Arthropoda

35
Q

Which suborder of Diptera are the “long-horned flies”?

A

Nematocera

36
Q

Which suborder of the order Diptera are the “short-horned flies”?

A

Brachycera

37
Q
A

Parasitology 376 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions