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Ortho > Fixed appliances > Flashcards

Fixed appliances Flashcards

1
Q

Define fixed applainces

A

appliaance that is attached to teeth by bands (or bonds) and brackets
cannot be removed by pts

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2
Q

How do fixed appliances move teeth?

A

arch wire puts pressure on brackets and teeth and their attachment on the bands

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3
Q

How does a fixed appliance differ in terms of tooth movement in comparison to a removable appliance?

A

capable of greater range tooth movements that a RA

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4
Q

What kind of tooth movements can the attachment (bracket) allow?

A

tilting, vertical, rotational, apical

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5
Q

Name 6 types of treatment for orthodontics

A 
removable appliances
fixed appliances
monitoring 
extraction only
retainers
growth modification with a functional appliance- twin block
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6
Q

what do functional appliances aid and give an example

A

growth modification

twin block

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7
Q

By which 5 methods do fixed appliances deliver optimal tooth control

A 
bodily movement
rotations
intrusion/extrusion
uprighting
root torqueing
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8
Q

which kind of appliance allows tipping movements and why can tipping be better then bodily movement?

A

removeable

can produce more rapid tooth movement that bodily movements

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9
Q

define bodily movement

A

shifting tooth along the occlusal plane without changing the orientation of the long axis
crown and root moved in the same or opposite direction

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10
Q

3 reasons bodily movement is used

A

correct skeletal discrepancies
space closure- from extraction or hypodontia
overjet reduction

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11
Q

define rotation of a tooth

A

turning a tooth about its long axis

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12
Q

what kind of movement does extrusion/intrusion achieve

A

vertical

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13
Q

define intrusion and extrusion

A

extrusion- moving a tooth out of the supporting structures

intrusion- moving a tooth into the supporting structures

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14
Q

What is intrusion/extrusion used for?

A

overbite reduction

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15
Q

define root torqueing

A

moving the tooth bucco-lingually so crown and root move in opposite direction

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16
Q

define lingual torque

A

crowns are tipped lingually and root labial/buccally

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17
Q

define buccal/labial torque

A

crowns are tipped buccally and roots lingually

18
Q

define crown tipping

A

tilting of the crown of the tooth without moving the apex

19
Q

define root tipping

A

tilting of the root of the tooth without moving the apex of the crown

20
Q

when would fixed appliance be indicated?

A

when precise tooth movements are required

21
Q

give a disadvantage of fixed appliances compared to removeable and functional appliances

A

not as effective at moving blocks of teeth compared to RA and functional

22
Q

what is the difference between edgewise bracket and pre-adjusted?

A

edgewise- straight slot cut in to brackets. tooth position determinded by bends in arch wire or orientation of the bracket slot/base
pre-adjusted= slot pre-angulated/pre-torqued
minimal archwire bends`

23
Q

name the 2 types of fixed applianced

A

labial- preadjusted edgewise and tip-edge

lingual

24
Q

define ligation

A

the means by which an archwire is held inside the bracket

25
Q

name and describe the 2 types of ligation

A

conventional ligation- elastic or metallic ties hold archwire in place
self-ligating- liagation built into bracket, clips hold archwire in bracket

26
Q

describe the types of bends required in an archwire to produce types of tooth movements

A

1st order bends- in out bends, made in the plane of the archwire
2nd order bends- tip, made in vertical plane
3rd order bends- torque, bend in archwire , placed in brackets, when the wire goes back to its original shape it takes the teeth with it

27
Q

Describe the 6 components of a fixed appliance component

A

brackets- can be carried on a band and the band then cemented on to tooth or cemented directly on to tooth
molar bands- rings that encircle tooth- bracket attached to this
archwire- initial stages use flexible type, latter rigid type
ligatures- elastic coloured band on brackets to keep archwire in place
auxillaries- elastic bands- pulling maxilla/mandible- used for traction
adhesive- most popular for cementing bands is GI- composite resin sandwich

28
Q

define composite resin sandwich in relation to adhesives

A

unfilled resin at tooth surface and near the bracket and between this have filled resin

29
Q

define traction

A

act of drawing or pulling

30
Q

name 4 materials used for archwires

A

stainless steel
nickel-titanium
beta-titanium
glass/composite

31
Q

which material of archwires would be ideal for later stages of treatment and why?

A

stainless steel as it has inhibits good stiffness

32
Q

which arch wire material is generally used in the initial stages of treatment?

A

nickel-titanium

33
Q

list the 6 stages of fixed appliances

A 
anchorage control
alignment/levelling
overbite reduction
overjet reduction
space closure
finishing/detailing
34
Q

describe the final stage in fixed applainces: finishing/detailing

A

place small bends in archwire to fine detail tooth position and occlusion

35
Q

what are TADs and what are they used for

A

temporary anchorage devices

used for distal movement of upper molars

36
Q

describe the 6 keys occlusion

A 
what the finished result should include:
class I molars
no spaces
no rotations
normal angulation
normal inclination
flat occlusal plane
37
Q

How are bands and brackets removed?

A

forceps

38
Q

describe types of retention

A

fixed- wire

removeable- pressure formed retainer and hawley type (metal)

39
Q

describe 7 problems that can arise due to fixed applaince treatment

A 
demineralisation/caries- poor OH
root resorption- e
enamel fracture at debond (when removing cement)
periodontal destruction
gingivitis
pulp death 
ST trauma- wire pokes
40
Q

why can root resorption occur

A

due to excessive forces

Ortho (10 decks)

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