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Ortho > Extractions in Orthodontics > Flashcards

Extractions in Orthodontics Flashcards

1
Q

4 reasons space creation is needed

A

relieve crowding
correct incisor relationship- overjet, overbite
correct molar relationship
compensate for skeletal discrepancies

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2
Q

5 methods by which space is created

A 
Extractions
Growth- functional appliance
Interdental enamel reduction
Distal movement
Expansion
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3
Q

8 reasons teeth may be extracted

A 
caries/pulp pathology
trauma
infra-occlusion
ectopic permanent teeth
supernumerary teeth
hypodontia
preparation for alveolar bone graft- 
centre line shift
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4
Q

Define overjet

A

horizontal distance between upper and lower anteriors

usually 1-3mm

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5
Q

define overbite

A

vertical overlap of the upper incisors over the lower incisors >30% covered

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6
Q

Define the term ‘functional applaince’

A

appliances which alter forces of muscle function, tooth eruption and growth to correct a malocclusion
Fixed or removable
works by posturing the mandible forwards in growing patients

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7
Q

Which type of malocclusion does a functional appliance correct

A

Class II

correct an increased over jet

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8
Q

What is the most common fixed appliance used

A

twin block

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9
Q

List 3 techniques in which distal movement can be achieved

A

headgear
non-compliance distaliser
Implants (TAD)

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10
Q

When would headgear be used?

A

when little space is require - 2-3mm each side- as extraction would cause too much space
in addition to extraction if more space is required

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11
Q

How does headgear work?

A

pull posterior teeth back using the back of the head as anchorage

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12
Q

What is required for headgear to be effective?

A

Patient compliance

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13
Q

How does a non-compliance distaliser work?

A

Maxillary molar distaliser
growing and non-growing patients
no compliance needed

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14
Q

What does TAD stand for and how does it work?

A

Temporary anchorage device
miniscrews placed in alveolar bone under LA which can be used to provide orthodontic anchorage
these are removed at the end of the treatment

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15
Q

When would it be useful to use TADs?

A

when large/difficult tooth movement are required

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16
Q

2 methods expansion can be created and describe them

A

Quadhelix- expand dental arches, fixed slow expansion appliance,
RME- Rapid maxillary expansion by opening midline suture, fixed, patient can adjust

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17
Q

How does expansion work in orthodontics?

A

Widens maxilla/expand arches

open midline suture and expand upper arch

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18
Q

What is interdental enamel reduction and how is this carried out?

A

removing enamel mesidal and distal of teeth to create space

with an abrasive strip

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19
Q

What should teeth be treated with following interdental enamel reduction?

A

F-

20
Q

What does the term ectopic teeth mean

A

eruption disturbance

tooth does not follow its usual course

21
Q

Define hypodontia

A

Congenitally missing teeth

22
Q

Define centre line shift

A

midline of upper and lower do not meet- either to left or right

23
Q

Define infra-occlusion, what causes it and which teeth are mainly affected

A

Teeth that are fixed in position whilst remaining teeth continue to erupt due to ankylosis of the tooh
mainly affects primary molars

24
Q

Define ankylosis and why is this a problem

A

Fusion of the tooth to bone preventing eruption and orthodontic movement

25
Q

Define supernumerary teeth and which teeth are most commonly affected

A

Duplications of teeth
2nd lateral incisor (mesiodens)
molars and premolars

26
Q

Define transitional incisor crowding

A

transition from primary to permanent dentition- incisor crowding in mixed dentition

27
Q

which tooth is most likely to be ectopic?

A

3’s

28
Q

Which age should 3’s be palpable and what should be done if not palpable?

A

9

if not palpable at 10- x rays

29
Q

What technique is used in a radiograph for ectopic teeth?

A

parallax–S.L.O.B

30
Q

Which teeth are most likely to be infra-occluded?

A

D’s and E’s

31
Q

Which teeth are most likely to be congenitally missing?

A

5’s so extract E’s

32
Q

Which teeth would most likely extracted to correct centre line shift?

A

C’s

33
Q

3 reasons why A’s and B’s would be extracted

A

trauma
ectopic permanent tooth
caries

34
Q

5 reasons why C’s would be extracted

A 
caries
trauma
ectopic permanent tooth
correct centre line shift
transition incisor crowding
35
Q

Which tooth is most likely to be extraced if transitional incisor crowding?

A

C’s

36
Q

4 reasons D’s may be extracted

A

caries
infra-occlusion
ectopic permanent tooth
hypodontia

37
Q

5 reasons E’s may be extracted

A 
caries
infra-occluded
impacted 6's
hypodontia- missing 5's
ectopic 5 so extract E
38
Q

Which permanent teeth are mainly extracted for ortho?

A

premolars –4’s

39
Q

Which permanent tooth would be extracted to correct an overjet?

A

4’s

40
Q

If U6 is extracted why would you consider extracting L6?

A

to prevent over eruption of the L6

41
Q

3 reasons why a 6 maybe extracted for ortho and not premolars

A

heavily restored
MIH- hypoplastic
poor long term prognosis- extensive caries

42
Q

What can occur of 6’s are extracted too early and what age would this be?

A

mainly for lower arch
<8
premolar may drift distally into this space, rotate or tilt
and then long need for fixed appliances

43
Q

what can occur is 6’s are extracted too late and what age would this be?

A

> 10

7 may be in later stages of eruption and may then tip mesially and rotate and may not come forward enough

44
Q

what are disadvantages of extraction treatment (ortho)?

A

affects TMJ

45
Q

what does non-extraction treatment cause?

A

poor stability

46
Q

What is extraction choice based on?

A

crowding/overjet

Ortho (10 decks)

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