Cleft Lip and Palate Flashcards
define cleft lip and palate
split/divide in the upper lip or roof of mouth(palate)
what causes a cleft lip/palate
failure of fusion at 2 different stages of dentofacial development
face not joining properly during development in the womb
define primary palate
lips, alveolus, palate anterior to incisive foramen
define secondary palate
hard and soft palate up until the incisive foramen
define complete cleft
extend up to the nose
define incomplete cleft
does not extend up in to the nose
what type of cleft can you get of the primary palate
unilateral - incomplete or complete
bilateral- incomplete or complete
what types of cleft can you get if the secondary palate
complete
incomplete
submucous- rare - overlying mucous so the cleft can go undeteced
what types of cleft can you get of primary and secondary palate
bilateral- complete or incomplete
unilateral- incomplete or complete
which type is more common in males and females
males- UCLP
female- CP
what are the classifications of cleft
cleft of primary palate
cleft of secondary palate
clefts of primary and secondary palate
describe aetiology of cleft
part of a syndrome
genetic- short palatal shelves
environmental factors
which environmental can cause cleft L/P
maternal alcohol smoking anti-convulsant drugs folic acid deficiency steroid therapy
when does development of the face and upper lip occur
5th-9th week IU
how does the lip form
fused maxillary processes
how and when is the palate formed
from the palatal processes of the maxillary process
6-11th week IU
what happens during 7th week IU
tooth germs which form into teeth develop
what problems are encountered with clefts
feeding problems speech problems hearing problems emotional problems dental anomalies
why is feeding a problem
cannot produce adequate negative IO pressure as need stabilising effect of lips
what can be used to overcome feeding problems
Habermans feeders
what cause the hearing problems and how is this treated
problems with middle ear ventilation of the Eustachian tube
palatal surgery can improve the function of the Eustachian tube
what causes speech problems
affected by fistulae or soft palate not contacting pharynx
what is SALT
speech and language therapy
what emotional problems may a child encounter
low self esteem, poor body image, needle phobia
what is the name of the network in scotland for clefts
CLEFTSiS
what treatment can be done at birth
URA to stop tongue sitting in cleft and encourage palatal shelf growth
what can be done at 3 months
lip repair
in UK, if palate is cleft, anterior hard palate and alveolar defect are closed at the same time
what can be done at 6-2 months
palate repair surgery
aims to separate oral and nasal cavities
if delayed can have an adverse affect on speech
name dental anomalies that can occur
higher caries levels than non-cleft siblings delayed eruption hypodontia reduction in tooth size enamel defects
what is the aim of an alveolar bone graft
fill the gap in the cleft with bone from elsewhere
can also help close a present fistula
when is a alveolar bone graft usually carries out?
8-10
what is an obturator
prosthesis which occludes an opening
