Cleft Lip and Palate

Question 1

define cleft lip and palate

Answer 1

split/divide in the upper lip or roof of mouth(palate)

Question 2

what causes a cleft lip/palate

Answer 2

failure of fusion at 2 different stages of dentofacial development
face not joining properly during development in the womb

Question 3

define primary palate

Answer 3

lips, alveolus, palate anterior to incisive foramen

Question 4

define secondary palate

Answer 4

hard and soft palate up until the incisive foramen

Question 5

define complete cleft

Answer 5

extend up to the nose

Question 6

define incomplete cleft

Answer 6

does not extend up in to the nose

Question 7

what type of cleft can you get of the primary palate

Answer 7

unilateral - incomplete or complete

bilateral- incomplete or complete

Question 8

what types of cleft can you get if the secondary palate

Answer 8

complete
incomplete
submucous- rare - overlying mucous so the cleft can go undeteced

Question 9

what types of cleft can you get of primary and secondary palate

Answer 9

bilateral- complete or incomplete

unilateral- incomplete or complete

Question 10

which type is more common in males and females

Answer 10

males- UCLP

female- CP

Question 11

what are the classifications of cleft

Answer 11

cleft of primary palate
cleft of secondary palate
clefts of primary and secondary palate

Question 12

describe aetiology of cleft

Answer 12

part of a syndrome
genetic- short palatal shelves
environmental factors

Question 13

which environmental can cause cleft L/P

Answer 13

maternal alcohol
smoking
anti-convulsant drugs
folic acid deficiency
steroid therapy

Question 14

when does development of the face and upper lip occur

Answer 14

5th-9th week IU

Question 15

how does the lip form

Answer 15

fused maxillary processes

Question 16

how and when is the palate formed

Answer 16

from the palatal processes of the maxillary process

6-11th week IU

Question 17

what happens during 7th week IU

Answer 17

tooth germs which form into teeth develop

Question 18

what problems are encountered with clefts

Answer 18

feeding problems
speech problems
hearing problems
emotional problems
dental anomalies

Question 19

why is feeding a problem

Answer 19

cannot produce adequate negative IO pressure as need stabilising effect of lips

Question 20

what can be used to overcome feeding problems

Answer 20

Habermans feeders

Question 21

what cause the hearing problems and how is this treated

Answer 21

problems with middle ear ventilation of the Eustachian tube

palatal surgery can improve the function of the Eustachian tube

Question 22

what causes speech problems

Answer 22

affected by fistulae or soft palate not contacting pharynx

Question 23

what is SALT

Answer 23

speech and language therapy

Question 24

what emotional problems may a child encounter

Answer 24

low self esteem, poor body image, needle phobia

Question 25

what is the name of the network in scotland for clefts

Answer 25

CLEFTSiS

Question 26

what treatment can be done at birth

Answer 26

URA to stop tongue sitting in cleft and encourage palatal shelf growth

Question 27

what can be done at 3 months

Answer 27

lip repair

in UK, if palate is cleft, anterior hard palate and alveolar defect are closed at the same time

Question 28

what can be done at 6-2 months

Answer 28

palate repair surgery
aims to separate oral and nasal cavities
if delayed can have an adverse affect on speech

Question 29

name dental anomalies that can occur

Answer 29

higher caries levels than non-cleft siblings
delayed eruption
hypodontia
reduction in tooth size
enamel defects

Question 30

what is the aim of an alveolar bone graft

Answer 30

fill the gap in the cleft with bone from elsewhere

can also help close a present fistula

Question 31

when is a alveolar bone graft usually carries out?

Answer 31

8-10

Question 32

what is an obturator

Answer 32

prosthesis which occludes an opening