Fitness and Physical Activity - Class Slides

Question 1

For years, the most widely accepted definition of health was the absence of disease. What did this cause with regards to individuals with disabilities?

Answer 1

One of the strongest reasons for the lack of attention given to people with disabilities in health promotion

Question 2

Disability and Secondary Condition: Hierarchical 5 steps:
1. Occurs ___ individual acquires or is ___ with a disability
2. Condition is not associated with the
___
3. More prevalent in people who have a ______
4. Is not caused by _____ or _____
5. It is a _____ ____

Answer 2

1. after; born
2. trauma
3. disability
4. medication or intervention
5. health condition

Question 3

What three things should you consider with regards to overloading a wheelchair?

Answer 3

• consider total payload
• determine max recommended weight capacity
• don’t overstress mobility device

Question 4

Special notes and precautions: SCI at or above ___ level may have impairments in what NS? What can this cause?

Answer 4

T6; sympathetic NS; this NS is responsible for increasing HR during exercise therefore you need to monitor exertion as heart may not be able to meet circulating blood demands

Question 5

Physical activity is important for all because it:

• improves…
• prevents…
• has benefits of…

Answer 5

Improves health and quality of life. Physical and psychological benefits. Prevents obesity and disease.

Question 6

The ___ provides a framework for describing health and health related states.

Answer 6

ICF

Question 7

The ICF considers what factors in participants?

Answer 7

• body functions and structures
• activities and participation
• interaction between environmental factors and personal factors

Question 8

Programmatic uses of the IFC?

Answer 8

• needs assessment

- outcome evaluation

Question 9

What are some major barriers to PA that may discourage participation?

Answer 9

• pain, fatigue, deconditioning
• inaccessible recreation and fitness environments
• knowledge and attitudes
• programmatic factors

Question 10

What was Rimmer et al. (2011) conceptual model for?

Answer 10

Identifying, preventing, and managing secondary conditions in people with disabilities

Question 11

“disordered sensori-motor control resulting from an UMN, presenting as intermittent or sustained involuntary activation of muscles”

Answer 11

spasticity

Question 12

Approximately ____ of those living with stroke for 12m+ experience spasticity

Answer 12

38%

Question 13

“reduced active and passive dorsiflexion leading to impairments in gait and balance”

Answer 13

lower limb spasticity

Question 14

What was the aim of Viv’s research on “Barriers and Affordances for PA among individuals experiencing spasticity”?

Answer 14

To describe actors that facilitate or hinder PA among individuals experiencing chronic lower limb spasticity

Question 15

Design for Viv’s research on “Barriers and Affordances for PA among individuals experiencing spasticity”?

Answer 15

Mixed-methods:

• Quantitative: used to describe the body functions and structures, activities, and participation in PA
• Qualitative: interviews used to describe participation and gain appreciation for barriers to, and facilitators for PA

Question 16

What were the data sources for Viv’s research on “Barriers and Affordances for PA among individuals experiencing spasticity”?

Answer 16

1. Physical Activity Scale for Individuals with Physical Disabilities Survey
2. Semi-structured interviews
   - discussed participation, barriers and affordances for PA

Question 17

Results from Viv’s research on “Barriers and Affordances for PA among individuals experiencing spasticity”?

Answer 17

• Condition changed participation
• Optimism that participation/condition would continue to evolve
• weather and a fear of falling
• affordances provided by mobility devices
• family and community support

Question 18

Conclusions from Viv’s research on “Barriers and Affordances for PA among individuals experiencing spasticity”?

Answer 18

1. Participants largey described inactive lifestyles and levels of PA that were lower now than in the past
2. Barriers to participation largely resulted from interactions between the individual’s condition and context
3. While products and technologies and social support afforded participants a ‘safety net’ that helped participants feel more confident about being active

Question 19

What are two big determinations of whether or not active individuals get over 10,000 steps per day?

Answer 19

1. SELF EFFICACY
   - being able to, knowing how to,
   “someone taught them how”
2. SOCIAL CONNECTION
   - doing it with someone, having someone to go with, having someone to meet you there and show you how

Question 20

With the sSPECIALly Fit group, how did they ensure the skills would transfer to at home?

Answer 20

Transfer to home with support from DVD and telephone prompting

Question 21

What was the successful approach taken to get youth with disabilities participating in activity?

Answer 21

Team Up For Fitness (TUFF)

Question 22

Two strategies for developing fitness programs?

Answer 22

• Fostering motivations
  (focus on motivation, not information)
• Considerations for assisting people with disabilities (communication, etiquette, behaviour)

Question 23

Designing Plans for People with Disabilities?

Answer 23

• ASSESS participants’ fitness and ability
• LEARN precautions and contraindications
• CHECK for restricted ROM
• CONSIDER emotional and behavioural status
• keep in mind impact of ability
• monitor RPE
• clothing, hydration, sickness
• adhere to typical stages of exercise
• stop immediately if abnormal symptoms

Question 24

Components of a comprehensive exercise program?

Answer 24

• CR endurance
• muscular strength and endurance
• flexibility
• body comp
• balance
• pulmonary function

Question 25

Accessible environments include what 5 things?

Answer 25

1. Useable equipment
2. Ensure use is safe
3. Potential usefulness
4. Alternative equipment and activities
5. Choosing the environment

Question 26

Velcro straps or additional supports as well as swing away or removable seats are examples of what aspect of accessible environments?

Answer 26

useable equipment

Question 27

Body positioning and uncontrolled movements are examples of what aspect of accessible environments?

Answer 27

ensure use is safe

Question 28

Can the participants perform at least one repetition of the exercise - example of what aspect of accessible environments?

Answer 28

potential usefulness

Question 29

Elastic bands, wrist or ankle weights and aquatics, yoga, tai chi, and gardening are examples of what aspect of accessible environments?

Answer 29

alternative equipment and activities

Question 30

Home vs gym, fee considerations, and aquatic vs land environment are examples of what aspect of accessible environments?

Answer 30

choosing the environment

Question 31

Who benefits from PA?

Answer 31

Everyone

Question 32

What should be an important goal for everyone?

Answer 32

fitness!

Question 33

Barriers that people with disabilities encounter affect their right to what?

Answer 33

a healthy lifestyle

Question 34

What is a secondary health condition?

Answer 34

• developing a disease because you have a disability

- eg. developing type II diabetes because you are in a wheelchair

Question 35

What is a very common secondary health condition?

Answer 35

osteoporosis - if you can’t load your bones then you will lose density in them!

Question 36

Why do people with SCI need to practice breathing? What are some exercises that help?

Answer 36

• Intercostal muscles tend to get really weak so just taking deep breaths really helps
  Laughing and singing are good for this!
• Yoga is too because it incorporates deep breathing.