Fish, Mollusks, Cephalopods, Crustacean Shellfish/Arthropods Flashcards
Describe a Round Fish Type
- Swims vertically
- Eyes on either side of the head
- 2 fillets
- Types are
a. Salmon
b. Trout
c. Cod
Describe a Flat Fish Type
- Swims on it’s side
- Eyes on the top of it’s head
- 4 Fillets
- Types are:
a. Halibut
b. Dover Sole
Describe a Non-Boney Fish Type
- Vertebrae that is cartilaginous
2. Types are eel and monk fish
Market Cuts of Fish
- Drawn - Gutted and scaled whole fish
- H & G - Head off and gutted
- Filleted - One fillet of the fish
3a. Skin on or off - PBO - Pin Bone out
Kitchen cuts of fish
- Supreme = straight slice of fish
- Tranche = Bias cut of fish
- Steak = Slice straight across round fish to produce a portion with two filets and vertebrae
- Pave = Square piece to resemble tile or brick
Fishing Methods
Look at Monterey Bay Aquarium Site
- Bottom Trawl - type of fishing net that’s pulled along the seafloor. Fishermen commonly use bottom trawls to catch shrimp and bottom-dwelling fish like halibut and sole.
- Dredging - Dredges are large, metal-framed baskets that are dragged across the seafloor to collect shellfish like oysters, clams and scallops. High level of by catch.
- Gillnetting - Gillnetting uses curtains of netting that are suspended by a system of floats and weights; they can be anchored to the seafloor or allowed to float at the surface. 4. Harpooning - used to catch large fish
- Jigging - Jigging is another way of hand-catching fish. A jig is a type of grapnel (or grappling hook) attached to a line, which is manually or mechanically jerked in the water to snag the fish.
- Longlining - (50 miles of line with buoy and line with bait)
- Pole and troll - Pole-and-line fishermen use a fishing pole and bait to target a variety of fish
- Hook and line - Day boats use
- Purse Seine - Purse seining establishes a large wall of netting to encircle schools of fish. Fishermen pull the bottom of the netting closed—like a drawstring purse—to herd fish into the center.
- Seine Net - A seine is a small-meshed net, suspended vertically in the water with floats and weights to enclose and concentrate fish.
- Trolling - This hook-and-line method of fishing tows lines behind or alongside a boat
- Traps and Pots - Traps and pots are submerged wire or wood cages that attract fish with bait and hold them alive until fishermen return to haul in the catch.
Mollusk
Bivalve shellfish - two-part hinged shell Types: 1. Clams 2. Mussels 3. Scallops 4. Oysters
PEI Mussels
Prince Edward Island Mussels
Mussel Liquor
Liquid obtained during the mussel cooking process.
Endangered Fish
- Cod
- Bluefin Tuna
- Orange Roughy
Three largest consumers of fish
- Japan
- China
- Spain
Targeted vs Bycatch
Targeted = Catching what is wanted Bycatch = What is not wanted when fishing (Throwaway)
Clarence Birdseye
Started freezing of fish revolution
Fishery
Population of Fish
Cephalopods
- Shellfish with internal shell structure
- Main body contains a clear cartilage shell called a pen.
- The beak is located inside the head and must be removed
- The body is called the mantle
Squid/Calamari
1. Invertebrate
2. 8 arms with 2 rows of suckers on the underside
3. 2 long feeding tentacles
4.East and West Coasts
5.Changes color of skin for protection
6. Avg 7” in length
Octopus
1. CA and Alaska deep waters
2. A few ounces to over 100 lbs
3. Blue blood, eyes on both sides of head
4. 8 arms/2 rows of suction cups on each
Cuttlefish
1. Shallow coast from Thailand to Spain
2. 8 arms/2 long narrow tentacles
Crustacean - Warm Water Shrimp
- Tropical Waters
- South Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
- Pink = sweet
- Brown = Briny/Firm
- White = sweet/mild
Arthropods
Shell Fish - Crustaceans Have an external skelaton 1. Shrimp 2. Lobster 3. Crab 4. Insects 5. Spiders
Lobsters
Lobsters are eaten by Cod
Cull lobsters - one armed lobster = less expensive
Roe - egg sack of lobster - lobster coral - in French = Corail
Tomalley - liver
Chelipod - Crusher Claw
Cheliped - Pincher Claw
Mandible - either half of the crushing organ in an arthropod’s mouthparts.
Shell “molts” : Shed smaller shell and grow into larger shell.
Shrimp
Crustacean: Most farm raised in Vietnam, India and Indonesia.
U16/U20 (Max # of shrimp per lb.)
Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Preserves - Packed in Water - (STPP) -
Scallops
Diver Scallops - highest quality
Dry pack better than wet pack - No STPP
Caviar
Comes from Sturgeon
- Anodromous
- Swim upriver to spawn
- Pre-historic looking
- Russian and Iran largest producers.
- Caspian Sea
- 3 species
a. Beluga (up to 500 lbs)
b. Ossetra (40-400 lbs)
c. Sevruga (up to 150 lbs) - Mallosal: Technique of salting the sturgeon roe to make caviar
Serving:
- Blinis: small dollar size buckwheat pancakes
- Mimosa: Hard cooked sieved egg whites
- Fine brunoise of white onions
- With parsley
- Can make pasta from waste, much like black ink squid pasta.
Bad caviar substitute:
1.. Lumpfish and paddlefish are cheap substitutes used in the U.S.
Oyster Types
- Belon - Flat Oyster - Osterea Edulis
a. Southern Brittany, Cancale is the best place for oysters. Oysters spend 50:50 time in fresh and salt water. Below only come from Cancale, Brittany. - Hollow or Creuse - Crassotrea (much deeper well to hold oyster)
