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Exotics > Fish > Flashcards

Fish Flashcards

FM01

1
Q

these are fish that adapt over a wide range of temperatures

A

Eurythermic

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2
Q

these are fis hthat tolerate a narrow range of temperatures;
most marine fish

A

Stenothermic

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3
Q

what happens to the amount of dissolved oxygen and toxicity of ammonia in water when the temperature is increased?

A
  1. reduces amount of dissolved oxygen
  2. increases toxicity of ammonia
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4
Q

what is the salinity of fresh water?

A

0.5 ppt

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5
Q

what is the approximate salinity of sea water

A

~35 ppt

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6
Q

this is the ratio of the weight of the water sample to distilled water at 4 degrees C

A

specific gravity

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7
Q

what pH range can the majority of pet fish be kept at?

A

6-8

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8
Q

what might high water pH indicate?

A

elevated levels of ammonia

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9
Q

what 3 things will the toxicity of chlorine/chloramine in water depend on

A
  1. pH (low)
  2. temperature (high)
  3. dissolved oxygen (low)
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10
Q

chlorine or chloramine?

unstable;
leave in an open container for 24h

A

chlorine

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11
Q

chlorine or chloramine?

stable;
addition of compounds or carbon filter (chemical filter) in order to be removed

A

chloramine

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12
Q

name the nitrogenous compound that can be in the fish tank

metabolic waste product;
primary end product of protein catabolism;
excreted via gills and kidneys;
toxic;
levels should be kept at 0mg/L

A

ammonia

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13
Q

name 4 causes of elevated ammonia in a fish tank

A
  1. overcrowding
  2. immature or damaged biological filter
  3. excessive food
  4. decomposed plant material
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14
Q

name 3 types of filters for fish tanks

A
  1. biological
  2. mechanical
  3. chemical
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15
Q

name the type of fish tank filter

effective against nitrifying bacteria and nitrogenous waste;
sensitive to antibiotics and stocking densities;
takes time to establish

A

biological filter

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16
Q

name the type of fish tank filter

removes debris like sand and floss

A

mechanical

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17
Q

name the type of fish tank filter

removes dissolved organic compounds

A

chemical filter

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18
Q

name the type of chemical filter for a fish tank

removes chloramine

A

carbon filter

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19
Q

name the type of chemical filter for a fish tank

reduces nitrogenous waste

A

ozone

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20
Q

name the type of chemical filter for a fish tank

disinfection

A

UV

21
Q

this improves gas exchange in a fish tank by increasing the water surface area through aeration

A

air pump

22
Q

what is the minimum size of a fish tank

A

30x30x45 cm
36 L of water

23
Q

how should a fish be transported?
(3 things)

A
  1. plastic bag with water from tank
  2. cover with opaque wrapping
  3. polystyrene container for isolation
24
Q

how much water is needed in the bag for transport of a fish

A

1L per cm of fish

25
Q

name 5 parts of the fish physical appearance that should be assessed to determine health status

A
  1. eyes
  2. fin and skin condition
  3. mucus production
  4. spinal deformities
  5. distended abdomen
26
Q

name 2 abnormal eye conditions a sick fish might show on physical appearance

A
  1. cloudy
  2. bulging (exophthalmia)
27
Q

name 4 abnormal fin and skin conditions a sick fish might show on physical appearance

A
  1. discolouration
  2. growths/swellings
  3. ulcers
  4. fungal infection
28
Q

name 3 measurable clinical signs that can be assessed in fish

A
  1. food consumption
  2. respiratory rate (operculum movement)
  3. posture in water column
29
Q

name 3 behaviours that can be observed in a hyperactive fish

A
  1. erratic swimming
  2. rubbing
  3. jumping
30
Q

what method is used to anaesthetise fish

A

add anaesthetic agent to the water
(‘inhalation anaesthetic’)

31
Q

name 3 anaesthetic agents used for fish

A
  1. MS222 (tricaine methane sulphate)
  2. 2-phenoxyethanol (Aqua-sed)
  3. Clove oil/Eugenol/Isoeugenol (Aqui-S)
32
Q

name 2 ways to test the depth of anaesthesia in a fish

A
  1. ataxia
  2. loss of righting reflex and response to stimuli (squeeze base of tail)
33
Q

how to monitor the resp rate of a fish?

A

observe movements of operculum

34
Q

name the level of anaesthesia in a fish

normal swimming behaviour ad reaction to external stimuli

A

level 0;
normal

35
Q

name the level of anaesthesia in a fish

still swimming but reduced reaction to external stimuli;
equilibrium normal;
normal opercular rate

A

level 1;
light sedation

36
Q

name the level of anaesthesia in a fish

no swimming;
loss of equilibrium (rolls over, belly up) but may still try to right itself;
normal to slightly decreased opercular rate;
still maintains a tail reaction

A

level 2
deep sedation/light anaesthesia

37
Q

name the level of anaesthesia in a fish

complete loss of equilibrium;
complete loss of reactivity (negative tail reaction);
very slow opercular rate;
slow heart rate

A

level 3
surgical anaesthesia

38
Q

name the level of anaesthesia in a fish

total loss of opercular movement followed by cardiac arrest;
EUTHANASIA STAGE

A

level 4
medullary collapse

39
Q

name 3 ways to take a skin sample of fish

A
  1. impression smear
  2. biopsy
  3. skin scrape
40
Q

name the common fish disease

protozoan ectoparasite dinoflagellate;
imbeds in the gills, skin and fins;
causes discomfot to the fish and reduced feeding;
Tx: immersion in salt baths

A

Freshwater Velvet Disease

(Piscinodinium pillulare)

41
Q

name the common fish disease

a ciliate;
penetrates the host’s skin creating a white spot;
leads to secondary bacterial infection;
free swimmin stages of the parasites are susceptible to Tx;
lifecycle is 3-7d at 24-26C);
Tx: formalin or salt

A

White Spot or Ich

(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)

42
Q

name the common fish disease

asymptomatic in fish;
can manifest itself as localised non-healing ulcers or internal granulomas;
range of non-specific clinical signs may be noted such as emaciation and anorexia;
confirm via PCR, ZN stains or culture;
ZOONOTIC

A

Mycobacterium

43
Q

name the 2 main species of Mycobacterium that affect fish

A

M. marinum & M. fortuitum

44
Q

name the common fish disease

frequently encountered gram neg bacterium;
affinity for gills, skin and fins;
erosive/necrotic lesions (whitish plaque with reddish periphery);
may lead to systemic disease;
Tx: controlled water temp reduction and Bactericides (oxytet)

A

Columnaris disease, saddleback, cotton wool disease

(Flavobacterium columnare)

45
Q

name 3 risk factors for Columnaris disease, saddleback, cotton wool disease

A
  1. physical injury
  2. low oxygen
  3. high nitrite
46
Q

name the common fish disease

most common water mould disease in fresh water fish;
primarily secondary invader;
invades epidermal tissue usually around head or fins with white cotton wool-like appearance

A

Saprolegnia (Oomycota)

47
Q

name 3 predisposing factors for Saprolegnia (Oomycota) in fish

A
  1. wounds
  2. stress
  3. fall in water temp
48
Q

how should fish be euthanised?

A

anaesthetic overdose followed by destruction of the CNS (pithing)

Exotics (6 decks)

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