Amphibians

Question 1

what are the 3 main Orders of amphibians?

Answer 1

1. Anura
2. Caudata
3. Gymnophiona

Question 2

name 2 amphibians in the order Anura

Answer 2

1. frogs
2. toads

Question 3

name 2 amphibians in the order Caudata

Answer 3

1. newts
2. salamanders

Question 4

limbless amphibians in the order Gymnophiona that resemble worms or snakes;
burrowing

Answer 4

Caecilians

Question 5

what is the diet of most amphibians?

Answer 5

carnivorous

Question 6

these are teeth on the roof of the mout, possessed by some amphibians

Answer 6

vomerine teeth

Question 7

how many chambers does the amphibian heart have?

Answer 7

3 chambers

(2 atria and 1 ventricle)

Question 8

how do most amphibians (frogs and toads) reproduce?

Answer 8

external fertilisation

Question 9

what hormone drives metamorphosis in amphibians

Answer 9

thyroxine

Question 10

what is the primary sense of amphibians

Answer 10

vision

Question 11

this is a sensory organ that detects vibrations and pressure changes in water,
possessed by larval amphibians and some adult aquatic species

Answer 11

lateral line

Question 12

name 4 general clinical signs of disease in amphibians

Answer 12

1. skin colouration
2. lethargy
3. loss of appetite
4. abnormal behaviour

Question 13

name the 3 organs that can be used for respiration in amphibians

Answer 13

1. lungs
2. gills (depending on stage and species)
3. skin

Question 14

name 2 supplementations that are crucial for amphibians to prevent deficiencies

Answer 14

1. calcium
2. vitamin D3

Question 15

this is a particularly deadly fungal disease affecting amphibian populations worldwide

Answer 15

Chytridiomycosis
(Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis)

Question 16

name 2 ways to administer fluid therapy to amphibians

Answer 16

1. soaking
2. SC injection

Question 17

name 2 antiparasitics that can be used in amphibians

Answer 17

1. fenbendazole
2. metronidazole

Question 18

how long should newly acquired amphibians be quarantines before being introduced to a collection or habitat

Answer 18

several weeks

Question 19

name the 5 most common amphibians seen as pets

Answer 19

1. Oriental fire-bellied toad
2. Axolotl
3. Pacman frog
4. Australian green tree frog
5. Poison dart frog

Question 20

name the amphibian commonly seen as a pet

small semiaquatic FROG found in northeastern Asia;
3-5cm, 28-57g, 12-30y;
leat at their taget (no extensible tongue);
caution! toxic and can cause discomfort to mouth and eyes

Answer 20

oriental fire-bellied toad
(Bombina orientalis)

Question 21

name the amphibian commonly seen as a pet

central-south America;
diurnal;
1.5-1.6cm, 38-57g, 25y;
no sexual dimorphism;
constant humidity 80-100%, 22-27°C, no lower than 16-18°C at night;
toxic;
listed as threatened or endangered habitat loss

Answer 21

poison dart frog
(Dendrobatidae)

Question 22

name the amphibian commonly seen as a pet

australia and new guinea;
nocturnal;
10cm, 16y;
adults eat insects (moth, locust) and small mammals;
flick out tongue for small prey;
susceptible to overweight;
constant humidity 50-60%, 24-29°C, no lower than 18-21°C at night;
listed as ‘least concern’

Answer 22

Australian green tree frog
(Ranoidea caerulea/Litoria caerulea)

Question 23

name the amphibian commonly seen as a pet

mexico;
crepuscular;
lives in water all its life;
30cm, 15y;
regenerate limbs, gills, eyes, brain;
diet: earthworms, bloodworms, molluscs, insects;
no calcium/vitamins needed;
water temp 15-22°C;
critically endangered;
dechlorinated water

Answer 23

Axolotl
(Ambystoma mexicanum)

Question 24

name the amphibian commonly seen as a pet

south america;
dirunal;
digging in the substrate;
4-15y;
sexual dimorphism;
diet: insects, small mammals/reptiles, other frogs, fish;
have teeth! no handling;
60-80% humidity, 22-25°C day, 15-20°C night;
least concern;
risk of ammonia poisoning;

Answer 24

Pacman frog
(Ceratophrys spp)