first semester

Question 1

random error

Answer 1

unpredictable fluctuations in measurements, caused by chance factors, leading to inconsistent results

Question 2

systematic error

Answer 2

a consistent deviation in measurements or observations from the true value due to flaws in the measurement process or equipment, leading to skewed results

Question 3

moderator

Answer 3

affects the strength or direction of that relationship

Question 4

mediator

Answer 4

explains the how or why of a relationship between two variables

Question 5

vignette experiment

Answer 5

uses short, hypothetical scenarios (vignettes) to elicit respondents’ judgments, beliefs, and attitudes, allowing researchers to explore how different factors influence decisions and behaviours