first and second declension nouns, formation of future and aorist, εἰμι in present and imperfect, adjectives, greek letters and augmentation Flashcards
recite θυρα
θυρα θυραι
θυραν θυρας
θυρας θυρων
θυρᾳ θυραις
recite μουσα
μουσα μουσαι
μουσαν μουσας
μουσης μουσων
μουσῃ μουσαις
recite ἀρχη
ἀρχη ἀρχαι
ἀρχην ἀρχας
ἀρχης ἀρχων
ἀρχῃ ἀρχαις
give the two forms of the first declension (α-stem) masculine
- nom in -ας pure, as νεανιας
2. nom in -ης impure, as πολιτης
recite νεανιας
νεανιας νεανιαι
νεανιαν νεανιας
νεανιου νεανιων
νεανιᾳ νεανιαις
recite πολιτης
πολιτης πολιται
πολιτην πολιτας
πολιτου πολιτων
πολιτῃ πολιταις
give the formula for the formation of the future
present stem + σω
recite λυω in the fut act
λυσω λυσεις λυσει λυσομεν λυσετε λυσουσι(ν)
give the formula for the formation of the weak aor ind act
augment + verb stem + σα
recite λυω in the aor act
ἐλυσα ἐλυσας ἐλυσε(ν) ἐλυσαμεν ἐλυσατε ἐλυσαν
give the two forms of the second declension (ο stems)
- nom in -ος masc (with a few feminine)
2. nom in -ον neut
recite εἰμι in the pres act ind
εἰμι εἰ ἐστι(ν) ἐσμεν ἐστε εἰσι(ν)
recite εἰμι in the impf act
ἠ or ἠν ἠσθα ἠν ἠμεν ἠτε ἠσαν
when do adjectives in -ος form their fem sing in -α?
when they are pure
how are adjectives in -ος formed?
by following the 2nd declension in masc and neut and the 1st declension in fem
when do adjectives in -ος form their feminine sing forms in -η?
when they are impure
what are the hard vowels?
α, ε, ο, η, ω
what are the soft vowels?
ι, υ
give the short vowels
ε, ο
give the long vowels
η, ω
give the vowels which can be either long or short
α, ι, υ
give the 8 proper dipthongs (ie in which both vowels are sounded)
αι, ει, οι, υι, αυ, ευ, ηυ, ου
give the 3 improper dipthongs, in which ι following a long vowel is written underneath, the long vowel only being sounded
ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ
what two things are consonants divided into?
- mutes
2. semivowels
what 3 things are mutes divided into?
- gutterals (throat sounds)
- labials (lip sounds)
- dentals (teeth sounds)
give the three consonants that are gutterals
κ, γ, χ
give the 3 consonants that are labials
π, β, φ
give the 3 consonants that are dentals
τ, δ, θ
what 3 things are semivowels divided into?
- nasals
- liquids
- spirant
give the 2 consonants that are nasals
ν, μ
give the 2 consonants that are liquids
λ, ρ
give the consonant that is a spirant
σ
which two letters always have a rough breathing when they come at the beginning of a word?
υ, ρ
what does ἐκ come before?
consonants
what does ἐξ come before?
vowels
give two conjunctions that cannot stand first in a clause
γαρ, οὐν
what, aside from singular subjects, can take a singular verb?
neut plur noms
give the two kinds of augment
- syllabic augment
2. temporal augment
what is a syllabic augment?
when a verb begins with a consonant, ε is prefixed
how are verbs beginning with ρ augmented?
the initial ρ is doubled as well as the ε augment
what is a temporal augment?
when the verb begins with a short vowel (or the dipthongs αι, αυ, οι), the vowel is lengthened
how does α lengthen? give a verb as an eg
α > η
ἀκουω>ἠκουον
how does ε lengthen? give a verb as an eg
ε>η
ἐλαυνω>ἠλαυνον
how does ο lengthen? give a verb as an eg
ο>ω
ὁπλιζω>ὡπλιζον
how does ι lengthen?
it just turns from a short to a long ι
how does υ lengthen?
it turns from a short to a long υ
how does αι lengthen? give a verb as an eg
αι>ῃ
αἰρω>ᾐρον
how does οι lengthen? give a verb as an eg
οι>ῳ
οἰκτειρω>ᾠκτειρον
how does αυ lengthen? give a verb as an eg
αυ>ηυ
αὐξανω>ηὐξανον