first and second declension nouns, formation of future and aorist, εἰμι in present and imperfect, adjectives, greek letters and augmentation Flashcards

1
Q

recite θυρα

A

θυρα θυραι
θυραν θυρας
θυρας θυρων
θυρᾳ θυραις

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2
Q

recite μουσα

A

μουσα μουσαι
μουσαν μουσας
μουσης μουσων
μουσῃ μουσαις

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3
Q

recite ἀρχη

A

ἀρχη ἀρχαι
ἀρχην ἀρχας
ἀρχης ἀρχων
ἀρχῃ ἀρχαις

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4
Q

give the two forms of the first declension (α-stem) masculine

A
  1. nom in -ας pure, as νεανιας

2. nom in -ης impure, as πολιτης

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5
Q

recite νεανιας

A

νεανιας νεανιαι
νεανιαν νεανιας
νεανιου νεανιων
νεανιᾳ νεανιαις

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6
Q

recite πολιτης

A

πολιτης πολιται
πολιτην πολιτας
πολιτου πολιτων
πολιτῃ πολιταις

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7
Q

give the formula for the formation of the future

A

present stem + σω

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8
Q

recite λυω in the fut act

A
λυσω
λυσεις
λυσει
λυσομεν
λυσετε
λυσουσι(ν)
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9
Q

give the formula for the formation of the weak aor ind act

A

augment + verb stem + σα

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10
Q

recite λυω in the aor act

A
ἐλυσα
ἐλυσας
ἐλυσε(ν)
ἐλυσαμεν
ἐλυσατε
ἐλυσαν
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11
Q

give the two forms of the second declension (ο stems)

A
  1. nom in -ος masc (with a few feminine)

2. nom in -ον neut

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12
Q

recite εἰμι in the pres act ind

A
εἰμι
εἰ
ἐστι(ν)
ἐσμεν
ἐστε
εἰσι(ν)
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13
Q

recite εἰμι in the impf act

A
ἠ or ἠν
ἠσθα
ἠν
ἠμεν
ἠτε
ἠσαν
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14
Q

when do adjectives in -ος form their fem sing in -α?

A

when they are pure

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15
Q

how are adjectives in -ος formed?

A

by following the 2nd declension in masc and neut and the 1st declension in fem

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16
Q

when do adjectives in -ος form their feminine sing forms in -η?

A

when they are impure

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17
Q

what are the hard vowels?

A

α, ε, ο, η, ω

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18
Q

what are the soft vowels?

A

ι, υ

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19
Q

give the short vowels

A

ε, ο

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20
Q

give the long vowels

A

η, ω

21
Q

give the vowels which can be either long or short

A

α, ι, υ

22
Q

give the 8 proper dipthongs (ie in which both vowels are sounded)

A

αι, ει, οι, υι, αυ, ευ, ηυ, ου

23
Q

give the 3 improper dipthongs, in which ι following a long vowel is written underneath, the long vowel only being sounded

A

ᾳ, ῃ, ῳ

24
Q

what two things are consonants divided into?

A
  1. mutes

2. semivowels

25
Q

what 3 things are mutes divided into?

A
  1. gutterals (throat sounds)
  2. labials (lip sounds)
  3. dentals (teeth sounds)
26
Q

give the three consonants that are gutterals

A

κ, γ, χ

27
Q

give the 3 consonants that are labials

A

π, β, φ

28
Q

give the 3 consonants that are dentals

A

τ, δ, θ

29
Q

what 3 things are semivowels divided into?

A
  1. nasals
  2. liquids
  3. spirant
30
Q

give the 2 consonants that are nasals

A

ν, μ

31
Q

give the 2 consonants that are liquids

A

λ, ρ

32
Q

give the consonant that is a spirant

A

σ

33
Q

which two letters always have a rough breathing when they come at the beginning of a word?

A

υ, ρ

34
Q

what does ἐκ come before?

A

consonants

35
Q

what does ἐξ come before?

A

vowels

36
Q

give two conjunctions that cannot stand first in a clause

A

γαρ, οὐν

37
Q

what, aside from singular subjects, can take a singular verb?

A

neut plur noms

38
Q

give the two kinds of augment

A
  1. syllabic augment

2. temporal augment

39
Q

what is a syllabic augment?

A

when a verb begins with a consonant, ε is prefixed

40
Q

how are verbs beginning with ρ augmented?

A

the initial ρ is doubled as well as the ε augment

41
Q

what is a temporal augment?

A

when the verb begins with a short vowel (or the dipthongs αι, αυ, οι), the vowel is lengthened

42
Q

how does α lengthen? give a verb as an eg

A

α > η

ἀκουω>ἠκουον

43
Q

how does ε lengthen? give a verb as an eg

A

ε>η

ἐλαυνω>ἠλαυνον

44
Q

how does ο lengthen? give a verb as an eg

A

ο>ω

ὁπλιζω>ὡπλιζον

45
Q

how does ι lengthen?

A

it just turns from a short to a long ι

46
Q

how does υ lengthen?

A

it turns from a short to a long υ

47
Q

how does αι lengthen? give a verb as an eg

A

αι>ῃ

αἰρω>ᾐρον

48
Q

how does οι lengthen? give a verb as an eg

A

οι>ῳ

οἰκτειρω>ᾠκτειρον

49
Q

how does αυ lengthen? give a verb as an eg

A

αυ>ηυ

αὐξανω>ηὐξανον