First aid TC 4-02.1 Flashcards
What is Self Aid?
Emergency treatment one applies to oneself
Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment
E tool
Weapon
What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body?
11
What is the object of first aid?
To stop bleeding
Overcome shock
Relieve pain
Prevent infection
What is first aid?
It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available
What is the unique feature of type “O” blood?
Universal donor
When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
Soldiers who aren’t acclimated, overweight, soldiers who are dehydrated
How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
2 to 4 inches
What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC’s of medical treatment)
Open the airway and restore breathing
Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound
Prevent shock
When applying splint, where should the bandages be tied?
The bandages should be tied with knots against the splint
Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
The casualties
How should the ends of an improved pressure dressing be tied?
Tie the ends together in a nonslip knot, directly over the wound site. DO NOT tie so tightly that it has a tourniquet-like effect.
What is manual pressure?
placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes.
If alive have them do it themselves
Should a casualty be given water to drink?
No
Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
To protect the wound from further infection or to control bleeding
What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
Mark forehead with a T & the time
Where should you place the tourniquet
should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.
Name 3 categories of heat injuries
Heat cramps
Heat exhaustion
Heat stroke
What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?
Cramping in the extremities (arms and legs)
Abdominal Cramps (stomach)
Excessive Sweating
What is the treatment for heat cramps?
Loosen clothing, move them to shady cool area, drink water, seek medical assistance
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Headache , dizziness , sweating , confusion
If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway?
The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck
What are two basic types of fractures?
Open and closed
What are some signs of an open fracture?
Bleeding.
Bones sticking through the skin.
Check for pulse.
What are some signs of a closed fracture?
Swelling. Discoloration. Deformity. Unusual body position. Check for pulse.
With an open fracture, what should you do first?
Stop the bleeding
What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
Splint them where they lie
How tight should tourniquet be?
Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped
3 types of bleeding
Arterial- Blood is bright red and will spurt with each heart beat
Venous- Blood is dark red and flows in a steady stream
Capillary- Blood oozes from the wound
Name 4 common points for checking pulse
Neck, Groin, Ankle, wrist
What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp) Restlessness and nervousness Thirst Loss of blood Confusion Fast breathing Nausea or vomiting Blotched or bluish skin (especially around the mouth and lips) Often perspires freely May pass out.
What is the treatment for shock?
P E L C R N
Position the casualty on their back
Elevate the Legs
Loosen clothing at neck waist or wherever it is binding
Climatize (prevent too hot or too cold)
Reassure (keep the casualty calm)
Notify medical personnel (Help, Get a medic!!)
What is a heat injury?
A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personnel work in the heat, a general dehydration of the body
What is the greatest preventive measure for disease?
Cleanliness
How do you stop bleeding?
Apply a field dressing Manual pressure Elevate the limb Apply a pressure dressing Digital Pressure Apply a tourniquet
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat
When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued?
When a doctor tells you to stop
When others relieve you
When you cannot physically continue
When the casualty starts to breath on his own
Name two types of rescue breathing
Mouth to mouth
Mouth to nose
What is AIDS?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
Head injury
Abdominal wound
Fractured (unsplinted) leg
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
5 to 10 minutes
What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
Last resort
What does COLD stand for?
It is a key word in cold weather protection:
It stands for Keep it CLEAN, Avoid OVERHEATING, Wear it LOOSE and in layers and Keep it DRY
What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
Responsiveness Breathing Pulse Bleeding Shock Fractures Burns Possible concussions
What is the first indication of frostbite?
Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it
What do you do to treat frostbite?
Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
As the individual breathes out
How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)
In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?
Two man support carry
In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?
Fireman’s carry
Should you put any medication or cream on a burn?
No
Name the four types of burns
Thermal
Electrical
Chemical
Laser
What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
Lessen or prevent shock and infection
What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
Urgent- within 2 hours
Priority- within 4 hours
Routine- within 24 hours
What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty?
Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Then remove the particles by brushing or picking them out
What is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim?
Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?
The jaw thrust
Head tilt/chin lift methods
What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease?
Plaque
What are the 9 mild symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?
Unexplained runny nose
Unexplained headache
Sudden drooling
Difficulty seeing (dimness of vision and miosis)
Tightness in the chest or difficulty in breathing
Localized sweating and muscular twitching in the area of contaminated skin
Stomach cramps
Nausea
Tachycardia followed by bradycardia (Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid heartbeat wth a heart rate of over 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute)
What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?
Strange or confused behavior. Wheezing, dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), and coughing. Severely pinpointed pupils. Red eyes with tearing. Vomiting. Severe muscular twitching and general weakness. Involuntary urination and defecation. Convulsions. Unconsciousness. Respiratory failure. Bradycardia.
What does TCCC stand for?
Tactical combat casualty care
What are the three phases of TCCC?
1) Care under fire
2) Tactical field care
3) combat casualty evac care
Explain Care under fire.
Under hostile fire and very limited as to the care you can provide
Explain tactical field care.
You and the casually are relatively safe and no longer under hostile fire. You are free to provide casualty care to the best of your ability.
What does CASEVAC stand for?
Casualty evacuation in a non medical vehicle.
When would you not provide first aid to a casualty?
When rendering aid will put your life in danger or if you find a casualty with no signs of life.
In combat, what is the most likely threat to a casualty’s life?
Bleeding out
During care under fire, what can attempts to check for airway and breathing do to the rescuer?
Expose the rescuer to enemy fire.
When would you not attempt to restore the airway?
If you find a casualty with no signs of life.
What is the first step for care under fire?
Return fire as directed before providing care
When would advise the casualty to play dead?
If the casualty is unable to move and you are unable to move the casualty to cover and the casualty is still under direct enemy fire.
What would you do if the casualty is unresponsive?
Move the casualty, his weapon, and mission essential equipment to over, as the tactical situation permits
How do you determine levels of consciousness?
AVPU. Alert, responds to Voice, responds to Pain, Unresponsive.
How do you check the casualty’s response to pain?
Rub the breastbone briskly with a knuckle or squeeze the first or second toe over the toenail.
What would you do if the casualty was choking and cannot talk?
Stop eval & start treatment
When would insert a nasopharyngeal airway?
If the casualty is breathing
After inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, how do place the casualty?
Recovery position
What are situations where CPR should be considered on the battlefield?
Only nontraumatic disorders such as hypothermia, near drowning or electrocution.
