First Aid Respiratory Pathology

Question 1

What is the most common cause of rhinosinusitis?

Answer 1

Viral URI

Question 2

What three organisms can cause a superimposed bacterial infection of sinusitis?

Answer 2

1. Strep Pneumo
2. M Catarrhalis
3. H. Influenza

Question 3

What are three common causes of epistaxis?

Answer 3

1. Foreign body
2. Allergic rhinitis
3. nasal angiofibromas (adolescent males)

Question 4

Head and neck cancers are mostly what type of cancer?

Answer 4

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 5

What are four risk factors for head and neck cancer?

Answer 5

tobacco use
alcohol use
HPV-16
EBV

Question 6

What drugs are used for PPX and acute management of a DVT?

Answer 6

Heparin or LMWH (lovenox/enoxaparin)

Question 7

What is the imaging test of choice for DVT?

Answer 7

US with doppler

Question 8

What are six causes of a PE?

Answer 8

FAT BAT

Fat embolus = long bone fracture
Air embolus = nitrogen bubbles from divers
Thrombus

Bacteria
Amniotic fluid = during labor or postpartum. Can lead to DIC
Tumor

Question 9

What are the symptoms and associated conditions (5) of sarcoidosis?

Answer 9

Associated with bell palsy, uveitis, lupus pernio, erythema nodosum, rheumatoid arthritis like arthropathy, hypercalcemia.

sxs of granulomas and interstitial fibrosis.

Question 10

Treatment of sarcoidosis?

Answer 10

Steroids

Question 11

What is seen on CXR in asbestosis?

Answer 11

calcified pleural and supradiaphragmatic plaques

Question 12

Which cancers are associated with asbestosis?

Answer 12

Bronchogenic carcinoma and mesothelioma

Question 13

How do you diagnose asbestosis?

Answer 13

bronchoalveolar lavage and prussian blue stain

Question 14

Which disease will show eggshell calcifications of hilar LNs on CXR?

Answer 14

Silicosis

Question 15

How do you diagnose sleep apnea?

Answer 15

sleep study

Question 16

How do you treat obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 16

CPAP, weight loss

Question 17

What is pulmonary hypertension defined as?

Answer 17

a pulmonary artery pressure > 25mmHg

Question 18

What is atalectasis?

Answer 18

alveolar collapse

Question 19

What are four etiologies of atalectasis?

Answer 19

Obstructive, compressive contraction and adhesive

Question 20

What are examples of obstructive atalectasis?

Answer 20

foreign body, mucous plug, tumor

Question 21

What are causes of compressive atalectasis?

Answer 21

pleural effusion, space occupying lesion

Question 22

What can cause contraction atalectasis?

Answer 22

sarcoidosis

Question 23

What can cause adhesive atalectasis?

Answer 23

lack of surfactant (NRDS in babies)

Question 24

What are three causes of transudative pleural effusions?

Answer 24

heart failure
nephrotic syndrome
cirrhosis

Question 25

What are four causes of exudative pleural effusion?

Answer 25

malignancy
pneumonia
collagen vascular disease
trauma

Question 26

What causes a lymphatic pleural effusion?

Answer 26

thoracic duct injury from trauma or malignancy

Question 27

What three complications are associated with small cell carcinoma?

Answer 27

ACTH cushing syndrome
SIADH
Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome (Abs against presynaptic Ca channels)

Question 28

What is associated with squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 28

hypercalcemia (PTHrP producing)

Question 29

Which patients are predisposed to lung abscesses?

Answer 29

alcoholics
epileptics
cancer pts

Question 30

What bacteria cause lung abscesses?

Answer 30

bacteroides
fusobacterium
peptostreptococcus
s. aureus

Question 31

What are 5 complications of a Pancoast tumor?

Answer 31

1. hoarseness from compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve
2. Horner syndrome from compression of stellate ganglion
3. SVC syndrome
4. brachiocephalic syndrome from compression of brachiocephalic vein
5. sensorimotor deficits due to compression of brachial plexus