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Step 2 CK > First Aid Pulmonary > Flashcards

First Aid Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

clinical signs of asthma?

A
  1. cough
  2. episodic wheezing
  3. accessory muscle use
  4. dec breath signs, low O2 sat at late stage
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2
Q

treatments for COPD?

A

COPD

Corticosteroids
Oxygen (goal: 88 - 92%)
Prevention
Dilators (b2 agonists, anticholinergic)

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3
Q

clinical symptoms of COPD exacerbation?

A

wheezing, cough, sputum

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4
Q

treatments for COPD exacerbation?

A

antibiotics (doxy, azithromycin)
bronchodilator (albuterol, ipratropium)
steroids (PO: prednisone, IV: methylprednisone)

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5
Q

6 meds for asthma exacerbations

A

ASTHMA

albuterol
steroids
theophylline
humidified O2
magnesium
anticholinergics
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6
Q

5 etiologies for obstructive lung dz?

A

ABCT

Asthma
Bronchiectasis
Cystic fibrosis/COPD
Tracheal or bronchial obstruction

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7
Q

the 1st step of management for pt suspicious of asthma

A

PFT

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8
Q

what is the next step of normal PFT from pt suspicious of asthma?

A

methacholine challenge test

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9
Q

if a pt suspicious of asthma has dec PFT, what is the next step?

A

give albuterol to reverse the symptoms

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10
Q

what other med must be given to asthma pt with long acting b2 agonist?

A

corticosteroids

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11
Q

how do you define severe asthma?

A

FEV1

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12
Q

treatments for severe asthma?

A

high dose inhaled corticosteroids + long acting inhaled beta 2 agonists

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13
Q

what are the light’s criteria for plueral effusion?

A
  1. pleural protein/serum protein > 0.5
  2. pleural LDH/serum LDH > 0.6
  3. pleural fluid LDH: more than 2/3 the upper limit of normal serum LDH

*an effusion is exudate if any of the above criteria is met.

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14
Q

clinical hallmarks of theophylline toxicity?

A

nausea, vomiting, headahce, anxiety, diarrhea, and cardiac arrhythmia

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15
Q

treatments for complicated parapneumonic effusions/empyemas?

A

chest tube drainage in addition to antibiotic therapy or pleurodesis

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16
Q

3 bugs that cause COPD exacerbations?

A

Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella
Strep pneumoniae

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17
Q

CHADSVASc for anticoagulants?

A 
C: CHF
H: HTN
A: age more than 75
D: DM
S: Stroke or hx of TIA
V: Vascular dz (PAD, MI)
A: age > 65
Sc: Sex --> female

more than 2, give anticoagulant

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18
Q

define sleep apnea

A

2’ to disturbances in breathing during sleep that lead to excessive daytime somnolence and sleep disruption

19
Q

define acute respiratory distress syndrome?

A
  1. hypoxemia
  2. dec lung compliance
  3. noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
  4. PaCO2/FiO2 ratio less than 300
20
Q

pathogenesis of ARDS?

A

endothelial injury

21
Q

causes of ARDS?

A

sepsis, pneumonia, aspiration, multiple blood transfusions, inhaled/ingested toxins, and trauma

22
Q

what are the 4 diagnosis criteria for ARDS?

A
  1. acute onset (less than 1 week) of resp distress
  2. PaO2/FiO2 5 cm H2O
  3. bilateral pulmonary infiltrate on CXR
  4. resp failure not completely explained by heart failure
23
Q

treatment for ARDS?

A
  1. mechanical ventilation with low tidal volume (4-6 cc/kg) to minimize ventilator induced lung injury
  2. use PEEP to recruit collapsed alveoli
24
Q

what are the goals of PaO2 and SaO2 for treating ARDS?

A

55 mmHg, 88%

25
Q

medications for acute exacerbation?

A

inhaled beta 2 agonist (albuterol) and anticholinergics (ipratropium), inhaled corticosteroids, antibiotics

26
Q

3 childhood paths associated with asthma?

A
  1. multiple episodes of croup
  2. URI with dyspnea
  3. Eczema
27
Q

3 causes for transudative pleural effusion?

A
  1. CHF
  2. Cirrhosis
  3. Nephrotic syndrome
28
Q

7 causes for exudative pleural effusion?

A
  1. Pneumonia
  2. TB
  3. Malignancy
  4. PE
  5. Collagen vascular dz (rheumatoid arthritis, SLE)
  6. Pancreatitis
  7. Trauma
29
Q

clinical definition of emphysema?

A

productive cough > 3 months X 2 yrs

30
Q

clinical definition of chronic bronchitis?

A

terminal airway destruction and dilation

31
Q

treatment for tension pneumothorax?

A
  1. needle decompression

2. chest tube placement

32
Q

most common cause of 1’ spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

rupture of subpleural apical blebs

33
Q

best initial treatment approach for spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

observation with supplemental oxygen

34
Q

what is a common precursor to acute resp distress syndrome?

A

pancreatitis

35
Q

what is the next best step of management of pts suspecting of acute lung transplant rejection?

A

lung biopsy to rule out infection such as CMV

36
Q

clinical characteristics of asthma exacerbation?

A
  1. tachypnea
  2. tachycardia
  3. diminished breath sounds
37
Q

in a very severe asthma, will you hear wheezing?

A

no, b/c the air movement is so limited

38
Q

treatments for severe asthma exacerbation whose FEV1 is less than 50% predicted?

A
  1. high dose beta agonist
  2. anticholinergic nebulizer every 20 min for 1 hr continuously
  3. systemic corticosteroid and oxygen to achieve O2 sat at least 90%
39
Q

in what groups of ppl is an area of induration 10 mm or greater is considered a positive PPD for tuberculosis?

A
  1. health care workers
  2. homeless
  3. residents in developing countries
  4. chronic illness pt
40
Q

image findings of asbestosis?

A

linear opacities at lung bases and interstitial fibrosis

41
Q

image findings of silicosis?

A

eggshell calcification

42
Q

what dz risk are you at with silicosis?

A

inc risk of TB

43
Q

which pneumoconioses requires chronic corticosteroid treatment?

A

berylliosis

44
Q

paraneoplastic symptoms of large cell carcinoma?

A

inc beta hCG –> gynecomastia and milky nipple discharge

Step 2 CK (20 decks)

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