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Microbiology > First Aid Microbiology > Flashcards

First Aid Microbiology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

mycoplasma unusual cell wall contains

A

sterols

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2
Q

mycobacteria unusual cell wall contains

A

mycolic acid, high lipid content

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3
Q

Which bugs do not stain well?

A 
These Microbes May Lack Real Color
Treponema (too thin)
Mycobacteria (high lipid content)
Mycoplasma (no cell wall)
Legionella (silver stain(
Rickettsia
Chlymadia
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4
Q

Giemsa stain?

A 
Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience
Chlymadia
Borrelia
Rickettsiae
Trypanosomes
Plasmodium
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5
Q

PAS stain?

A

PASs the Sugar
Stains glycogen
Whipple diesase

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6
Q

Ziehl Neelson

A

Acid fast! Nocardia Mycobacterium

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7
Q

India ink stain

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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8
Q

Silver stain

A

Fungi, H. Pylori, Legionella

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9
Q

Media used for H. Influenza?

A

Chocolate with factors X and V

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10
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea and meningitidis media?

A

thayer-martin (or VPN) stain. “Use VPN to connect to Neisseria”

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11
Q

Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar used for?

A

B. pertussus (Bordet for Bordetella)

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12
Q

EMB agar with green metallic sheen colonies?

A

E.Coli

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13
Q

Lactose fermenting turns what color of MacConkey?

A

PINK

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14
Q

Charcoal yeast extract

A

Legionella

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15
Q

Fungi culture?

A

Sab’s a fun guy!

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16
Q

Obligate aerobes bacteria?

A

Nagging Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
P. aeruginosa (seen in wounds!)
MycoBacterium tuberculosis

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17
Q

Obligate anaerobes bacteria?

A

Anaerobes Can’t Breathe Air
Clostridium
Bacteroides
Actinomyces

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18
Q

Which antibiotics are not effective against anaerobes?

A

Aminoglycosides bc they need oxygen to enter bacterial cell wall

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19
Q

Obligate anaerobes lack what?

A

superoxide dismutase and catalase

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20
Q

Encapsulated bacteria? Capsules serve as antiphagocytic

A 
SHiNE SKiS
Strep pneumo
H. influenza
Neisseria mening
E. Coli
Salmonella
Klebsiella
group b STREP
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21
Q

Urease positive

A 
CHuck norris hates PUNKSS
Cryptococcus
H.pylori
Proteus
Ureaplasma
Nocardia
Klebsiella
S. epidermis
S. sapro
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22
Q

sulfur granules

A

actinomyces

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23
Q

blue-green pigment

A

Psudeomonas aeruginosa

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24
Q

Red?

A

serratia

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25
Q

S. aureus protein A works how?

A

prevents opsonization/phagocytosis

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26
Q

M protein works how?

A

prevents phagocytosis. Expressed by group A strepp

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27
Q

bull neck

A

cornyebacterium

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28
Q

Mechanism of shiga toxin?

A

inactivates 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

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29
Q

cornyebacterium and pseudomonas mech?

A

inactivated EF2

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30
Q

Clostridium tetani and botulism mech?

A

cleaves SNARE proteins needed for neurotransmitter release

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31
Q

Clostridium tetani vs. botulism?

A

tetani: inhibitory, lockjaw
botulism: stimulatory, flaccid paralysis

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32
Q

gas gangrene and hemolysis on blood agar “double zone” hemolysis

A

Clostridium perfringens

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33
Q

strep pyogenes toxin?

A

streptolysin O and exotoxin A

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34
Q

endotoxin symptoms

A 
Edema
NO
DIC/Death
Outer membrane
TNF-alpha
O-antigen
eXremely heat stable
IL-1
Neyutrophil chemotaxis
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35
Q

anterior nares

A

S. aureus

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36
Q

TSST01 and scalded skin

A

S. aureus

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37
Q

How does TSST work?

A

superantigen, binds to MHC II and T cell receptors, resulting in polyclonal T activation

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38
Q

Strep pneumo symptoms?

A 
MOPS
Meningitis
Otitis media
pneumo
sinusitis
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39
Q

rheumatic fever caused by?

A

strep pyogenes

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40
Q

rheumatic fever criteria?

A 
JONES
Joints
Carditis
Nodules
Erythema marginatum
Sydenham chorea
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41
Q

pseudomembranous pharyngitis

A

grayish white membrane cornyebacterium diptheraie

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42
Q

diptheria toxin mech?

A

prevents protein synthesis ADP ribosylation of EF2

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43
Q

dipicolonic acid?

A

spores

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44
Q

C. diff has which 2 toxins?

A

toxin a and b

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45
Q

only bacterium with polypeptide capsule?

A

anthrax. contains D-glutamate

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46
Q

only gram positive organism that produces LPS?

A

listeria

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47
Q

“rocket tails” that help move into cell membrane, avoiding antibody

A

listeria

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48
Q 
Differeces between actinomyces and nocardia...
Acid fast?
Found where?
Symptoms?
Treatment?
A

Actinomyces are not acid fast. Norcardia is.
Actinomyces in normal oral flora. Nocardia in soil.
Actinomyces sulfur granules. Nocardia is pulmonary infections
Actinomyces treat with pen. Nocardia treat with sulfonamides

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49
Q

Ghon complex?

A

primary mycobacterium Tb

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50
Q

Leprosy cause?

A

mycobacterium leprae

51
Q

Glove and stocking loss of sensation/

A

leprosy…likes cool temperatures

52
Q

Armadillos

A

leprosy

53
Q

waterhouse-frederichsen syndrome

A

Neisseria mening

54
Q

H. Influenza causes what symptoms?

A 
E-MOP
E: epiglottisi *cherry red
Meningitis
Otitis media
Pneumo
55
Q

H. influenza culture?

A

chocolate with V and X “when child has flu, mom goes to five and dime store for chocolate”

56
Q

otitis externa?

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

57
Q

biofilm CF patients?

A

pseudomonas

58
Q

which form of e.coli does not ferment sorbitol?

A

EHEC

59
Q

Klebsiella symptoms?

A 
4 A
Aspiration pneumo
Absess in lungs and liver
Alcoholic
diAbetics

Red currant jelly

60
Q

rose spots on abdomen

A

typhoid fever…salmonella typhi

61
Q

Guillain Barre syndrome

A

Campylo

62
Q

Spirochete

A

BLT
Borrelia (B is BIG)
Leptospira
Treponema

63
Q

Lyme disease symptoms

A 
FAKE a lyme pie
Facial nerve palsy
Arthritis
Kardiac block
Erythema migrans
64
Q

Prostitute pupils

A

tertiary syphilis

65
Q

cheap test for syphilis

A

VDRL

66
Q

VDRL false positives caused by

A

Viruses
Drugs
Rheumatic fever
Lupus/leprosy

67
Q

Borrelia recurrentis trasmission?

A

louse

68
Q

Puppies (2)

A

Yersinia entero and campylo

69
Q

Parrots/birds

A

Chlamydophila psittaci

70
Q

Q fever

A

Coxiella

71
Q

Coxiella transmission

A

placenta of cattle/sheep

72
Q

Rickettssia prowazekii transmission

A

louse

73
Q

Rickettsia typhi transmission

A

fleas

74
Q

Praire dogs

A

yersinia pestis and smallpox

75
Q

Rickettsii treatment?

A

doxycycline

76
Q

Palms and soles rash?

A 
Use palms to drive CARS
Cox 
A
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (rickettsii ricke)
Syphilis
77
Q

Rash of R. prowazekii?

A

Trunk

78
Q

Erlichio vs anaplasma?

A

Erlichio: monocytes with morula
Anaplasma: granulocytes with morula

Both have tick as vector

79
Q

obligate intracellular organism that causes mucosal infections

A

Chlamydia

80
Q

2 forms of chlymadia

A
  1. elementary body: “enfectious and Enters cell via Endocytosis”
  2. Reticulate bodies Replicate in cell by fission
81
Q

Chylamydia treatment?

A

azithromycin

82
Q

arthritis of one joint?

A

chylamdia

83
Q

Chylamidaiaisdasd serotype A, B, and C?

A

Africa
Blindness
Chronic infection

84
Q

Chlamydia type L1, L2, and L3?

A

Lymphogranuloma venereum: small, painless ulcers on genitals

85
Q

cold agglutitins

A

Mycoplasma

86
Q

Walking pneumo

A

Mycoplasma

87
Q

Mycoplasma and penicillin?

A

won’t work because mycoplasma doesn’t have cell wall

88
Q

Where do we find histoplasmosis (in what type of cells)?

A

macrophages

89
Q

Granulomatous nodules and broad based budding

A

Blastomycosis

90
Q

SW USA mycology

A

Coccidio

91
Q

Dessiminate into bone and skin

A

Coccidio

92
Q

Latin america, ship’s wheel

A

Paracoccidio

93
Q

hypo/hyperpigemented skin patches in hot, humid weather

A

Tinea versicolor (cutaneous mycoses)

94
Q

Diabetic patient mycology

A

Mucor

95
Q

frontal lobe abscess?

A

mucor. fungi proliferate with excess ketone/glucose, penetrates cribiform plate and enters brain

96
Q

Banana shaped

A

toxoplasma gondii

97
Q

trypanosome brucei diagnosis

A

blood smear

98
Q

leishmania transmission

A

sandfly

99
Q

Nematode route of infection

A

You’ll get sick if you EAT these!
EV, Ascaris, Toxocara

Feet in the SANd
Strongyloides, Ancyclostoma, Necator

Lay LOW to avoid getting bitten
Loa load, O. Volvulus, W. bancrofti

100
Q

W. bancrofti transmission

A

female mosquito

101
Q

Hydatid cysts, causes anaphylaxis

A

Echinococcous

102
Q

Shistoma that leads to squamous cell carcinoma of bladder?

A

S. haemotobium

103
Q

undercooked fish, pigmented gallstones, associated with cholangiocarcinoma

A

CS

104
Q

Portal HTN?

A

shistoma mansoni and japonicum

105
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

smallpox, yellow fever, VZV, MMR, polio, influenza

106
Q

Killed vax

A

Rabies, influenza, polio, Hep A

107
Q

All DNA ds except

A

Parvoviridae

108
Q

High fever followed by rash

A

Roseola (HHV-6)

109
Q

segmented viruses

A 
BOAR
Bunyavirus
Orthomyxoviruse (influenza)
Arenavirus
Rotavirus
110
Q

Which hep have fecal-oral transmission?

A

E and A “vowels hit the bowels”

111
Q

HIV gp120 does what

A

attachment to host CD4 t cell

112
Q

HIV gp41 does what

A

fusion and entry

113
Q

HIV binds what kind of receptor in early and late infection?

A

CCR5 in early and CXCR4 in late

114
Q

spongiform encephalopathy?

A

prion accumulation

115
Q

Bloody diarrhea

A

Campylo, E. histolytica, EHEC, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia entercolitica

116
Q

Hydrops fetalis (which ToRCHES?)

A

syphilis (and also parvovirus)

117
Q

Chancroid

A

H. ducreyi

118
Q

Water aerosols/water sources/water tank

A

Legionella

119
Q

Asplenic

A

think SHiN
S. pneumo
H.influenza
N. mening

120
Q

chronic granulomatous disease

A

S. aureus (or any catalase +)

121
Q

Facial nerve palsy

A

Lyme

122
Q

Organ transplant patient

A

CMV

123
Q

PAS+

A

Whipple

124
Q

Traumatic open wound

A

Clostridium perfringens

Microbiology (8 decks)

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