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Antibiotics Flashcards

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1
Q

inhibits nucleic acid (RNA) synthesis with DDRP

A

Rifampin

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2
Q

orange sweat

A

Rifampin

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3
Q

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

A

Isoniazid

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4
Q

Isoniazid causes what kind of deficiency?

A

B6

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5
Q

how does B6 deficiency present for izoniazid?

A

Seizures due to decreased GABA (B6 is needed for GABA synthesis)

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6
Q

Knocks of fatty acid synthase

A

Pyrazinamide

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7
Q

Most effective intracellular TB med

A

P

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8
Q

SE of Pyrazinamide?

A

Gout

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9
Q

Blocks cell wall synthesis

A

Ethambutol

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10
Q

Ethambutol SE

A

red-green color blindness

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11
Q
  1. Bind penicillin-binding proteins and blocks transpeptidase crosslinking
  2. Autolytic enzymes activates
  3. Resistance: altered PBPs or bacteria with production of beta-lactamases
A

Penicillin

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12
Q
  1. Beta-lactam that inhibits cell wall synthesis

2. Less susceptaible to beta-lactamases

A

Cephalosporins

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13
Q

afcillin, oxacillin, methicillin

A

Pen 2nd gen

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14
Q

Piperacillin

A

4th gen pen

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15
Q

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

A

3rd gen pen

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16
Q

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

A

First gen cephalosporin

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17
Q

1st gen cephalosporin tx?

A

PEK: proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella

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18
Q

Cefaclor, Cefuroxime, cefoxitin

A

2nd gen cephalo

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19
Q

2nd gen cephalo treatment?

A

HEN: Hemophilus, enterbacter, niesseria

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20
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th gen cephalo

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21
Q

Ceftaroline treats?

A

MRSA

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22
Q

Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem

A

Carbapenems

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23
Q

Imipenem taken with?

A

cilastatin

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24
Q
  1. Inhibits cell wall synthesis
  2. Synergistic with aminoglycosides
  3. No cross-allergy with penicillin
  4. Resistant to most beta-lactamases
A

Monobactams

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25
Q

30s inhibitors?

A

AT Aminoglycosides Tetracycline

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26
Q

50 s inhibitors

A

o C: Choramphenicol, Clindamycin
o E: Erythromycine
o L: Linezolid

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27
Q
  1. Disrupts initiation complex and causes mRNA misreading
  2. Aerobic gram-negative rods
  3. Requires Oxygen
  4. ALOe: Aminoglycosides, Loops, Ototoxicity
  5. Nephrotoxic
  6. Teratogen causes deafness
A

Aminoglycosides

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28
Q
  1. Prevents attachment of aminoacyl t-RNA to A site on 30s
  2. Doxycycline elimination via feces (Tx for lyme)
  3. DO NOT take with divalent cations
  4. Kids: causes teeth discoloration
  5. Adults: photosensitivity
  6. VACUUM The BedRoom (Vibrio, Acne, Chlamydia, Ureaplasma Urealyticum, Mycoplasma, Tularaemia, H. Pylori, Borrelia (Lyme), Rickettsia)
A

Tetracycline

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29
Q
  1. Blocks Peptidyl transferase
  2. Resistance: plasmid-encoded acetyltransferase
  3. Causes aplastic anemia and grey baby syndrome
  4. Treat meningitis bc cheap and very lipophilic and can penetrate BBB
A

Chloramphenicol

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30
Q
  1. Blocks peptide bond formation
  2. Anaerobix infection ABOVE diaphram (Below in metronidazole)
  3. Lung abscesses or aspiration pneumo
  4. Associated with C.diff infection
A

Clindamycin

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31
Q
  1. Blocks translocation step (via binding to 23s rRNA of 50s subunit)
  2. Tx for atypical pneumo
  3. SE: QT prolongation and GI symptoms, cholestatic hepatitis
  4. Inhibits p450 (bleeding tendencies in pts on warfarin)
A

Macrolides

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32
Q

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

A

Macrolides

DO NOT CONFUSE WITH aminoglycosides that also end in -mycin

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33
Q

Linezolid SE?

A
  1. SE are HOT
  2. H: High risk for serotonin syndrome
  3. O: optic neuritis
  4. T: Thrombocytopenia
34
Q

Aminoglycosides mechanism

A

Disrupts the initiation complex and causes mRNA misreading

35
Q

tetracycline mechanism?

A

prevents attachment of tRNA to A site on 30s

36
Q

Chloramphenicol mechanism

A

Peptidyl transferase

37
Q

Clindamycin mech

A

blocks peptide bond formation

38
Q

Macrolides mech

A

Blocks translocation step (via binding of 23s rRNA)

39
Q
  1. Inhibits Topoisomerase II (DNA Gyrase)
  2. Good oral bioavailablilty
  3. Cannot take with antacids, dairy
  4. SE: tendon rupture, cartalidge damage, leg cramps, myalgia
  5. Resistance via chromosome mutation in DNA gyrase
A

Quinolones

40
Q
  1. Dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors
  2. Treat: UTIs, Nocardia, Chlamydia, gram negatives
  3. SE: Hemolysis in G6PD deficiency
A

Sulfonamides

41
Q
  1. Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
  2. Sulfa and Tri are bacteriostatic but together, BACTERICIDAL
  3. Tx: PCP
  4. SE: megaloblastic anemia, cytopenia
A

Trimethoprim

42
Q

Rifamycin mech

A

inhibits DDRP

43
Q
  1. Toxic metabolites that damage DNA
  2. GET GAP (Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella Vaginalis, Anaerobes, H. Pylori)
  3. Anaerobes BELOW diaphragm. What ABOVE? clindamycin
A

Metranidazole

44
Q
  1. Creates membrane channels, resulting in depolarization and disruption of membrane potential
  2. SE: Myopathy with increased CPK
  3. Gram (+) bugs treatment
  4. Pulmonary surfactant inhibits so can’t use with pneumo
A

Daptomycin

45
Q
  1. Inhibits cell wall peptidoglycan (D-ala-D-ala)
  2. Tx for MRSA, Entercocci, C. diff
  3. SE: Nephrotox, ototox, thrombo
  4. RED MAN SYNDROME: diffuse flushing SE
  5. Resistance: aa change of D-ala-D-ala
A

Vancomycin

46
Q
  1. Long hydrophobic tail, cationic, basic
  2. Mechanism: acts at detergent and disrupts the osmotic properties
  3. Rarely used because very high neurotoxicity, nephtotoxi
  4. Found in THAYER-MARTIN medium (used to culture Neisseria)
A

Polymyxins

47
Q

Which one is GRAM + vs GRAM -

A

positive is vancomycin and negative is polymyxin

48
Q

Inhibits folic acid synthesis

A

Sulfonamide, trimethoprim (Bactrim)

49
Q

damages DNA

A

Metronidazole

50
Q

Inhibits Topisomase II, IV

A

Quinolones

51
Q

Gram - killing

A

monobactam, polymyxin, colistin, aminoglycosides, macrolidea

52
Q

Gram + killing

A

Vanco, televancin, daptopmycin

53
Q

Treats streptococci

A

Penicillin

54
Q

Metallic taste

A

Metro

55
Q

Gonorrhea treatment

A

Ceftriazone + azithromycin

56
Q

Syphillis Tx

A

Penicillin

57
Q

C. diff tx

A

Metro or vanco

58
Q

MRSA treatment

A

Vanco, linezolid, clindamycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline

59
Q

Teeth discoloration

A

Tetracycline

60
Q

Cyclic lipopeptide antimicrobial agent

A

Daptomycin

61
Q

MDR bacteria treatment (very toxic!)

A

Polymyxin B/collistin

62
Q

Steven johnson syndrome

A

Sulfonamide

63
Q

Disulfiram reaction with alcohol

A

metronidazole

64
Q

Tendon, cartilage damage, prolonged QT

A

Quinolones

65
Q

Seizures

A

Penicillin, carbapenem

66
Q

Redman’s syndrome

A

Vancomycin

67
Q

Drug-drug interaction (inhibits p450)

A

macolides

68
Q

Causes C. diff

A

clindamycin

69
Q

Apastic anemia

A

chloramphenicol

70
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

sulfonamide, trimethoprim

71
Q

Photosensitivity

A

Pyrazinamide

72
Q

NO TO KIDS

A

Quinolones, tetra

73
Q

Good bioavailability

A

Quinolones

74
Q

Increases p450

A

Rifampin

75
Q

Decreases p450 and causes B6 deficiency

A

Isoniazid

76
Q

Always with cilastatin

A

Imipenem

77
Q

Meningitis and gonorrhea

A

Ceftriazone

78
Q

VRE and MRSA

A

Linezolid

79
Q

B6 deficiency

A

Isoniazid

80
Q

Acute cholestatis hepatits

A

Macrolides (Azithro, clarithro, erthyomycin)

81
Q

Rapid resistance of used alone for TB

A

Rifampin

82
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Linezolid

Microbiology (8 decks)

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