First Aid: lymphoid structures

Question 1

What is the follicle of the lymph node? What happens here? What types of follicles exist?

Answer 1

site of B cell localization and proliferation. found in the outer cortex of the node
primary follicles are dense and dormant. secondary follicles have pale central germinal centers and are active

Question 2

What structures are seen in the medulla of the lymph node? What cells are seen in each of these structures? How does the medulla relate to other structures in the lymph node?

Answer 2

Medullary cords and medullary sinuses. Medullary cords contain lymphocytes and plasma cells. Medullary sinuses contain macrophages and reticular cells, and connect with efferent lymphatics.

Question 3

What is the paracortex? What cells are found in the paracortex? What pathology affects the paracortex?

Answer 3

Paracortex is the region btw the follicles and the medulla. Houses T cells. contains venules through which B and T cells enter from the blood. Not well-developed in pts with DiGeorge syndrome. Paracortex enlarges in infection.

Question 4

What is the overall structure of the lymph node? What are some functions of the lymph nodes?

Answer 4

secondary lymphoid organ. many afferents. 1 or more efferents. encapsulated with trabeculae. cortex and medulla. functions: nonspecific filtration by macrophages, storage of B and T cells, and immune response activation

Question 5

What lymph nodes drain the head and neck?

Answer 5

cervical

Question 6

What lymph nodes drain the lungs?

Answer 6

hilar

Question 7

What lymph nodes drain the trachea and esophagus?

Answer 7

mediastinal

Question 8

What structures are drained by the celiac lymph nodes?

Answer 8

liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, upper duodenum

Question 9

What structures are drained by the superior mesenteric lymph nodes?

Answer 9

lower duodenum, jejunum, ileu, colon, to splenic flexure

Question 10

What structures are drained by the inferior mesenteric lymph nodes?

Answer 10

colon from splenic flexure to the upper rectum

Question 11

What structures are drained by the internal iliac lymph nodes?

Answer 11

lower rectum to the anal canal above the pectinate line, bladder, vagina, prostate

Question 12

What structures are drained by the para-aortic lymph nodes?

Answer 12

testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

Question 13

What structures are drained by the axillary lymph node?

Answer 13

upper limb, breast, skin above the umbilicus

Question 14

What areas are drained by the superficial inguinal lymph nodes?

Answer 14

anal canal below the pectinate line, skin below the umbilicus

Question 15

What areas are drained by the popliteal lymph nodes?

Answer 15

dorsolateral foot and posterior calf

Question 16

Right lymphatic duct vs. thoracic duct

Answer 16

right lymphatic duct drains the right side of the body above the diaphragm
thoracic duct drains everything else into the junction of the left subclavian and internal jugular veins